tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74074916456871054012024-03-08T00:26:46.313-08:00Law essay helpWrite My Essay.Comcarrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-22275276055968146272020-09-03T04:15:00.001-07:002020-09-03T04:15:09.006-07:00Data generationQualitive Methods (inclusive education) EssayInformation generationQualitive Methods (comprehensive training) - Essay Example Running business isn't just keeping association's site on Internet and driving it essentially; It has a full usual way of doing things that demonstrates the business to purchaser; urge them to make business to that association, redesigning the website as required, and so forth. Convincing and pulling in business is presently a day is certainly not a troublesome occupation when individuals sitting at home can visit the outlet and view the new showing up items. All what appealing for the client is the format of the site they are seeing. In the time of Internet innovation, numerous business sites are created to a detriment. Individuals counsels the product builds and goes through a great many cash to create one upon one most recent sites and put in the best alluring content. Be that as it may, presently as innovation is propelling step by step and letting individuals remain in comfort these all advancement is getting all the more advancing. Hardly any days back, database structuring is extraordinary troublesome; yet now programming engineers gave number of formats to utilize them. Thus, sites like www.godaddy.com, www.webspawner.com, www.homestead.com, and so on permits the agent to make their own sites in a couple of moments minutes by responding to scarcely any inquiries and choosing barely any things in less sums. Despite the fact that production of site left no troublesome now a days. On other hand, some portion of business programming are likewise accessible on minimal plates and can be shape as for the business prerequisites by not many determinations and addressing hardly any inquiries. The specialists can just get ready Different enormous authoritative programming that controls and deals with all segments and divisions of business yet are a lot of expensive. In spite of the fact that utilization of programming are anything but difficult to go with for people in general. Challenges for programming engineers and however grows up as agent simply recognize what they are doing physically and need in the product or site. Be that as it may, Software engineers realize digger to do the things. They proceed to break down the structure without anyone else pose number of inquiries yet find the solutions of under 50% of them. This breaking down is at that point push ahead for the procedure of advancement. The decent structure and viewpoint of the product is required for later overhauling or support and however the engineers plan them proficiently. Scarcely any years back, causing the front end to must be conceivable by composing codes for every single specialist of the graphical interface. However, today quantities of Integrated Development Environment (IDE) are being set up. IDEs like Netbeans, Jbuilder, Eclipse, and so on all backings the structuring of the front-end interfaces by hauling the segments through mouse and setting them in proper spot. All the segm ent related coding for its look and feel just as it's treatment of various occasions are created consequently. This encourages the originator to simply code the business rationale and makes the improvement of years in barely any days. The procedure advances to the Quality Assurance individuals where they test the product. For testing a great deal information is required to confirm various tasks and an information section individual, the designers or the quality affirmation engineers themselves do this physically. As Information Technology is opening the best approach to step forward in each field, also it's opening an approach to information age. Information that can be created itself in database tables with the goal that it very well may be simple and supportive for the designers and specialists to test the product on its method of advancement. All through the existence pattern of programming, Data age is done on any carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-57098221497274484672020-08-22T18:08:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:08:05.297-07:00Ethical Considerations in the Research of Applied Linguistics free essay sampleIn any case, when the human subjects being examined, there will perhaps raise potential dangers and inconveniences from the technique of the exploration, for example, the exposure of security could be harming to an individual. A certified specialist must place a premium on moral contemplations while doing the examination planing , regardless of whether it seems, by all accounts, to be of negligibly unsafe to the subjects. In this paper, I will in general examine on some conspicuous moral issues worried by the written works of research system and to address some of them with a mix of the suggested arrangements from the writings and my own appearance in the wake of perusing those writings. All things considered, as it is hard to execute the entirety of the moral issues in all conditions, to feature some moral issues and make the precarious focuses recognizable to the analysts is by all accounts worth doing. Furthermore, ideally, every analyst of applied etymology finds a parity point between the moral contemplations and their willingnesses of delivering ideal looks into. We will compose a custom article test on Moral Considerations in the Research of Applied Linguistics or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Anyway, regardless of whether morally leading the exploration or not likewise includes in the standards for assessing the nature of an examination. 2. Analysts esteem As the German humanist Weber (1946) showed, all examination is polluted somewhat by the estimation of the scientist (refered to in Silverman, 2004: 257). How specialists complete their looks into in this way exceptionally relies upon the worth they hold. For instance, for the most part subjective scientists favor rich and nitty gritty information for investigating their inquiries top to bottom, while quantitative analysts place an accentuation on the objectivity and generalizability of the exploration and the spellbinding work isn't viewed as important as insights. To close a moral perspective into the substance of significant worth, on one hand, it is the specialists thought of securing the rights and protection of human members, then again it is the analysts intrigue and obligation to their looks into. Now and then, certain difficulty ascends from the contention of both side. Silverman (2004) takes note of that both subjective analyst and quantitative scientist are encroached by such difficulty of willing to completely illuminate the members with the insights about the examination yet not polluting the nature of their exploration by telling the members a lot about the examination questions. In this sense, the specialists need to consider over certain situations rose throughout leading their looks into and to explain the incentive to themselves about how to utilize the example, embracing a specific strategy and doing what sort of research. In Cohen et al. s (2000:63) words: What is the poper balance between the enthusiasm of science and the mindful, accommodating treatment of individuals who, honestly, give the information? (refered to in Dornyei, 2007:65) If we can give an accurately built worth casing as the response to the accompanying inquiries: How much rate should the moral contemplations take in analysts esteem outline and to what degree would it impact the examination technique and the outcomes, there would have been a general rule for all the specialist to follow which offers them an express guidance on managing any moral issues by a fixed guideline. In any case, it is impossible that even an all around constructed moral rule could generally be an appropriate on e across different circumstances. The translation of the term may fluctuate a piece across various literary works however without barring the primary components of adequate data, deliberate cooperation, and understandable data. These interconnected components going with important moral contemplations are talked about in detail accordingly. 3. 1 Issues identified with adequate data The issues identified with adequate data can be separated into the accompanying three viewpoints: 1. the understandings to adequacy; 2. the contention between keeping the exploration from sullying and maintaining a strategic distance from double dealing; 3. he powerlessness of certain scientists to give full data to members. These perspectives are to be explained by means of talking about the accompanying inquiries. 3. 1. 1 How adequate would it be advisable for it to be and which components ought to be incorporated? There are various translations of the term adequate data from various establishments, as what Dornyei (2007) notes: There is a lot of contention about how educated the assent ought to be that is, how much data do we have to impart to the respondents before requesting that they take an interest. (p69) According to Mackey and Gass (2005)s Checklist for Obtaining Informed Consent, the center components engaged with the worldview of adequate data are: â⬠¢ The systems and reason for the exploration; â⬠¢ The potential dangers and advantages of the examination; â⬠¢ The strategy for the examination or the treatment to the subjects; â⬠¢ The contact data of the scientist; â⬠¢ The means to be taken for guaranteeing secrecy and namelessness. In spite of the fact that these components are essential prerequisites for acquiring educated assent, there appear to be a few remarkable problems installed in each part. As a matter of first importance, it is consistently conflicting to furnish the members with the subtleties of the exploration. By and large, scientists are encouraged to give the data sufficiently adequate to the potential members, yet in doing as such, some of them are probably going to pull back from the examination as a result of certain discomfortable subtleties. Dornyei (2007) demonstrates that specific data could either make a predisposition to partake or make the respondents need to flee. Therefore, a few specialists might be hesitant to uncover an excessive amount of data of the idea of the investigation. So as to enlist an objective gathering of positive subjects and raise their eagerness to the investigation, the specialists may will in general shroud certain data which is unfavorable to enrollment and stress those that the respondents might be keen on. In Brymans (2001) words: It is incredibly hard to give planned member completely all the data that may be required to settle on an educated choice about that association. Truth be told, generally minor offenses presumably invade most social research(p481). What we need accomplish for best managing this issue is to accomplish an exchange off and concern the negligible degree of informedness found in the writing fluctuate. (Dornyei, 2007:69) And we need to concede an essential rule that the data identified with potential dangers and potential impacts ought to never be undercover to the respondents. Second, once in a while it is very tricky in illuminating members the potential dangers or damages. To the extent I see, as indicated by pa rticular kinds of looks into and the strategies they receive, the scientists may not ready to forestall or fix some rising dangers or damages which are really unavoidable. Bouma (1993) contends that in light of the personally intuitive component of the subjective research, there is an extraordinary probability that the exploration will impact those been examined. The members assessments may have unwittingly been formed through an examination. In spite of the fact that we were unable to tell the progressions are negative or positive, there do introduce certain dangers. To think about some exploratory examinations in applied phonetics, the members under a specific medications will surely be affected. For instance, in the explores led in a study hall setting, the scientist needs to ask the viability between two instructional models, it is unsurprising that one gathering of understudies would get less accomplishments because of their uncommon treatment or no treatment. Gass (2010) contends that in the event that we have motivation to accept a treatment is gainful, at that point we need to give that treatment to those member who didn't get that treatment after the information has been gathered. In any case, later she calls attention to that to make the understudies return for a second round isn't strategically conceivable. Besides, It is dubious to advise such dangers or damages for the explanation that they are regularly undetectable to the members and what are perceptible to the analysts might be difficult to decipher for the explanation that in numerous examines the members are really a gathering of guiltless individuals though the specialists are the ones who have a general information on the region they are researching at. Seliger and Shohamy (1989) note: Frequently, for control reason, subjects don't know about their cooperation in an examination, or if mindful don't have a clue about the specific idea of the tests. (p196) They recommend the members be given that data once the examination is finished. In this sense, the members have the rights the know the hypotheses hidden the exploration and it is moral to advise them with the conclusive outcome and furthermore let them know how it comes out. . Third, it is hard to adjust the sum f profits by an examination and the penance the member made. In many looks into of applied etymology there are a few advantages to the members consequently, which is a piece of the respondents worries for settling on their choices of interest. Aside from the moral issues referenced before that the scientists may feature or even overstate the advantageous focuses somewhat so as to draw in respondents to partake in their explores, we ought to likewise see that not all the ana lysts could discover such a parity point in their inquires about. All things considered, a particular research is structured inside the intrigue and predisposition of the specialist however not of the members. Dornyei (2007) recommends the specialists assume their liability to make money saving advantage balance as fair as could be expected under the circumstances. Actually, it is a lot more difficult than one might expect. The members consistently cost more than take something back consequently. Relatively few looks into can coordinate members carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-46139582533394470912020-08-21T15:49:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:49:46.731-07:00Storm Born Chapter Eight Free EssaysThe keep resembled a cross between Sleeping Beautyââ¬â¢s mansion and a gothic church. Towers cheerfully jumped up to unthinkable statures, making dark fixes over the night sky. Weââ¬â¢d lost our light now, yet I could in any case observe that a ton of the windows looked just as they contained recolored glass. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tempest Born Chapter Eight or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now I envisioned theyââ¬â¢d be excellent in full daylight. Furthermore, encircling everything, obviously, were those splendid, yellow-orange trees. Volusian had revealed to me that the kingdomsââ¬â¢ seasons were reliant on their rulersââ¬â¢ impulses and could keep going for very long occasions. This was lovely, yet I couldnââ¬â¢t envision living in a spot that was never-endingly harvest time. I realized some asserted Arizona was ceaselessly summer, be that as it may, at that point, the individuals who said that didnââ¬â¢t in reality live there. The seasons were inconspicuous, however they were there. I needed to continue reminding myself I wasnââ¬â¢t in a wacky film as Rurik and his pack drove us through wound lobbies lit with lights. Individuals passed, giving us inquisitive looks as they approached whatever one did in a medieval stronghold. Stirring margarine. Whipping workers. I truly didnââ¬â¢t know, and I didnââ¬â¢t care. I simply needed to leave. ââ¬Å"Wait here,â⬠Rurik disclosed to us when we arrived at a huge arrangement of twofold oak entryways. ââ¬Å"I will address the ruler before youââ¬â¢re appeared into the position of authority room.â⬠Stunning. A true blue position of authority room. He vanished behind the entryways, and two or three gatekeepers watched us yet stayed away. ââ¬Å"Volusian,â⬠I said delicately, ââ¬Å"did you intentionally lead us here?â⬠ââ¬Å"My just reason, escort, is to keep you alive. Being here will build your chances.â⬠ââ¬Å"You didnââ¬â¢t answer the question.â⬠ââ¬Å"You will likewise build your chances,â⬠he proceeded, ââ¬Å"if you are pleasant to King Dorian.â⬠ââ¬Å"Nice? They just ambushed me and took steps to assault me.â⬠He gave me an exasperated look. ââ¬Å"The ruler will see you now,â⬠said Rurik drastically, coming back from inside the room. He held the entryway open for us. Trumpets wouldnââ¬â¢t have shocked me. The honored position room was not what I anticipated. Certainly, there was a dais with a seat on it, much the same as in the motion pictures, yet the remainder of the room was in a mess. A huge space went through the center, for moving or parades, maybe, however the rest had a nearly relax kind of look. Little love seats, chaises, and seats were orchestrated around low tables set with cups and platters of organic product. People, again wearing kind of a goth-Renaissance style, hung themselves on the furnishings and on one another, picking inactively at the organic product as they watched me. I was placed at the top of the priority list of the manner in which Romans used to feast. More than upper class relaxed around, be that as it may. Spirits and sprites and trowes and apparitions were additionally in participation, alongside a variety of Otherworld animals. The beasts of human envisioning, next to each other with mysterious exiles who had moved to this world. I thought about then whether some other shaman had been this far into upper class society. I recalled Rolandââ¬â¢s cautioning, that I could be brought directly into the core of their reality. On the off chance that lone our caring had a type of academic diary. The Journal of Shamanic Assassination and Otherworldly Encounters. I could have utilized this ââ¬Å"researchâ⬠to compose a convincing article to impart to my kindred experts. Discussion dropped to a low murmur as the upper class hung over and murmured to one another, eyes on me. Smiles and glowers the same lit their countenances, and I put on the devoid articulation I would wear going to meet another customer. In the interim, my heartbeat hustled into overdrive and breathing turned into somewhat troublesome. Volusian trailed close to me on one side while Rurik strolled on the other. Wil and the others moved behind us. ââ¬Å"Why all these people?â⬠I mumbled to Volusian. ââ¬Å"Is he having a party?â⬠ââ¬Å"Dorian is a social lord. He loves keeping individuals around, probably so he can deride them. He keeps a full court and consistently welcomes his nobles to eat here.â⬠We ground to a halt. On the position of royalty sat a man, Dorian, I assumed. He looked exhausted. He inclined toward the arm of his seat, one elbow propped on it so he could rest his jawline in his grasp. It kind of made him see us at an edge. Long coppery hair, suggestive of the trees outside, stayed nearby him, featured with each shade of red and gold possible. He could have been harvest time in essence. He had the absolute best skin Iââ¬â¢d ever observed in such a clear redhead: smooth and ivory, without any spots or ruddy shading. A shroud of backwoods green velvet secured unremarkable dull jeans and a free, white button-up shirt. He had all around formed cheekbones and fragile highlights. ââ¬Å"Kneel before the king,â⬠requested Rurik, ââ¬Å"and become acclimated to being on your knees.â⬠I gave him a shrinking look. He grinned. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll be glad to make you,â⬠he cautioned. ââ¬Å"Bah, enough. Leave her in peace,â⬠articulated Dorian concisely. He didnââ¬â¢t change pose. Just his eyes depicted any kind of enthusiasm for these goings-on. ââ¬Å"If sheââ¬â¢s been with you for the most recent hour, she merits a break. Go sit down.â⬠Rurikââ¬â¢s pomposity flashed to shame, yet he bowed before the position of authority and chilled out. That left Dorian and me gazing at one another. He smiled. ââ¬Å"Well, come here. On the off chance that you wonââ¬â¢t bow, I at any rate need to get a decent glance at the ââ¬Ëterrible monsterââ¬â¢ theyââ¬â¢ve brought to me. They all appear to be very scared of you. I admit, I didnââ¬â¢t truly trust it was you when they let me know. I thought Rurik had been into the mushrooms again.â⬠ââ¬Å"Do you know what number of our kin she has executed and persuasively ousted, sire?â⬠shouted Shaya from some place behind me. ââ¬Å"She took out three in less than a moment just now.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, yes. Sheââ¬â¢s very startling. I can see that.â⬠Dorian took a gander at me hopefully. I shook my head. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m holding off on moving until you offer us hospitality.â⬠This caused him to sit up. He continued grinning. ââ¬Å"Sheââ¬â¢s shrewd as well, however, as a matter of fact, requesting friendliness before you crossed our unassuming edge would have been increasingly smart still since any of my subjects could have assaulted you just now.â⬠He shrugged. ââ¬Å"But weââ¬â¢ve made it this far. In this way, let me know, Eugenie, why â⬠er, pause. Do you lean toward Eugenie or Miss Markham?â⬠I considered. ââ¬Å"I lean toward Odile.â⬠That grin jerked. ââ¬Å"Ah. Weââ¬â¢re as yet sticking to that, right? Great, at that point, Odile, mention to me what brings the sparkling onesââ¬â¢ most dreaded adversary to my entryway, requesting neighborliness. As you would envision, this is without precedence.â⬠I looked around at all the watching, listening individuals. Overlook them, disregard them, an inward voice murmured. Concentrate on Dorian until further notice. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t truly need to discuss it before the nut exhibition. Iââ¬â¢d fairly meet with you in private.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh.â⬠He pitched his voice for the group. ââ¬Å"Well, well. Odile needs to meet with me in private.â⬠I become flushed, abhorring myself for doing it. Apprehensive giggling went around the room, before long becoming more grounded and increasingly sure as the kingââ¬â¢s did. Fascinating, I thought. I recollected Volusianââ¬â¢s remarks about Dorian, and his soldiersââ¬â¢ wavering about his fury. These assembled individuals were sheep, clearly, prepared to move or giggle at Dorianââ¬â¢s order, yet unexpectedly I thought about whether they were sheep who likewise dreaded the impulses of their whimsical shepherd. I thought about whether I ought to be apprehensive as well. I kept my quietness, not recognizing his joke. He inclined forward, putting the two elbows on his knees, letting his jawline rest in two hands now. ââ¬Å"If I offer you accommodation, you should respond in kind. Iââ¬â¢ll see that nobody hurts you in my family, however consequently, you can hurt nobody under my roof.â⬠I looked back at Volusian. ââ¬Å"You didnââ¬â¢t notice that.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh, for Godââ¬â¢s sake,â⬠he murmured, showing an uncommon loss of persistence. ââ¬Å"What did you anticipate? Take it before your fast approaching demise turns out to be progressively unavoidable and denies me of my opportunity to murder you myself.â⬠I turned around to Dorian. I didnââ¬â¢t like this unforeseen development. I didnââ¬â¢t like being in a home of upper class, nor did I need to be at oneââ¬â¢s leniency. What was I doing here once more? In my mind, I brought a picture of little Jasmine Delaney, envisioning her being tormented along these lines over at Aesonââ¬â¢s court. Just she would be dependent upon something other than joke. ââ¬Å"I accept,â⬠I said. Dorian respected me peacefully and afterward gestured. ââ¬Å"As do I.â⬠He gazed toward the group. ââ¬Å"Odile Dark Swan is presently under the assurance of my accommodation. Any individual who to such an extent as lays a finger on her will get his own fingers cleaved off and took care of back to him.â⬠He gave the risk with as much cheer as Volusian may have. A buzz spread through the group, not so much satisfied. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s to shield her from breaking her oath?â⬠I heard somebody mumble. Another said noisily, ââ¬Å"She could kill us all!â⬠Dorianââ¬â¢s eyes flicked back to me. ââ¬Å"Did you have any thought what an animal of bad dream you are around here? Moms tell their kids Odile Dark Swan will seek them if theyââ¬â¢re bad.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hey, I donââ¬â¢t search them out. I possibly seek them on the off chance that they want me first.â⬠ââ¬Å"Interesting,â⬠he stated, curving an eyebrow. ââ¬Å"But if thatââ¬â¢s how you like it, so be it. I generally respect ladies who realize what they need in the bedroom.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hey, thatââ¬â¢s not what I â⬠â⬠I hadnââ¬â¢t understood the degree carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-63217645445302443722020-06-08T15:37:00.001-07:002020-06-08T15:37:04.014-07:00Online purchase - Free Essay Example Search and Purchase Correlation in German Online Market Dynamics and Trends Purchasing Drivers for Customers Abstract More and more people make online purchase; buy different kind of goods in online stores. Targeting on these people becomes opportunity as well as challenge for marketers. Understanding what are the main drivers of people preferring to buy products and services online rather than offline has become main area of research for many stakeholders. Researchers analyze the topic form various angles, they try to find main online purchasing drivers for customers, which make them prefer to go to online stores rather than real ones. Building a reliable model on that factors which will make predictable the future of online purchase dynamics, is one the purposes researchers aim to achieve. My thesis will be one more contribution in that area. It will be unique in the way that its analysis is based on most recent facts which cover 4 years dynamics and tends in that field on German market, starting from 3rd quarter of 2005 until 2nd quarter of 2009. Looking at facts through this time frame should give us opportunity to observe if there is any recognizable change in ââ¬Å"customer behaviorâ⬠: if the trust towards online purchase is increasing which is reflected on the increased amount of sold products in online stores, and which factors or purchasing drivers can be applicable for explaining these trends. To be more specific, I will divide my thesis in several important parts: first, I will try to find out if there is any connections between the amount people spend with the internet stores and the amount of products the buy, or in other words, if there is any evidence of correlation between the ââ¬Å"product searchâ⬠and ââ¬Å"product buyâ⬠amounts. This will be done by running regression analysis based on internet traffic data provided on www.AGOF.de web site (in more details it will be discussed in the INTRODUCTION part). Second, after tracking the statistically significant relationships between these two factors: ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠and ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠, where second factor depends on the first one, I will try to dived this relationship between ââ¬Å"explainable with search amountâ⬠and ââ¬Å"explainable with other factorsâ⬠parts. Then I will try to cover already famous literature, which is explaining the motivators of people searching goods online. Finally, we will talk abo ut other factors, which might explain online purchase behavior but they are not prone to the underline logic of our model, or just simply are beyond or the factor ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠as an explanatory of ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠rate. As a conclusion I will summarize my findings in the topic. 1. Introduction Developing of technologies and internet has born for people new opportunities changing our behavior and our attitude to many things. Without any exaggeration it has dramatically changed our lives. In many activities Internet has given us opportunity to save our efforts, time and sometimes even money. One of the areas internet has made dramatic affect is shopping. Online shopping becomes more and more important part in our everyday life. Referring to the Chen Chih-Chung and Su-Chao Chang common research in 2005, ââ¬Å"if in 2004 online shopping was only 7% of retail sales in USA, in 2010 it is expected to reach 13%â⬠. Marketers are paying more and more attention to the opportunities lying in online world trying to analyze and predict the trends and movements there, in order not to miss their chance, while in the fierce and almost saturated competition in offline shopping, online market is almost only way of fast growth. In order to succeed in online shopping one of the m ost important aspects for marketers is to understand their potential clients _ what makes them buy goods in virtual stores rather than in real ones, what are the key factors and drivers which initiate them to conduct online purchase. The final goal of the thesis cant be to find the only model with only factors which describe pretty exactly the determinants and intensions of customers. Many researchers try to explain the phenomenon such as online purchase intension and I will one of the also. Hope to make my little contribution in that field. In this Thesis I apply some academic researches, online traffic data analysis available on AGOF, bring some insights from ESMT practice project conducted with my per classmates in Axel Springer consulting team and also will refer to one questionnaire conducted for the same practice project. Based on these information and my personal observations I will try make some more insights not only in above mentioned online purchase determinants for customers, what makes them to pay money online, but also I will try to analyze overall trend and dynamics in online shopping during last four-five years. I will try to make some insights which products were sold mostly through internet several years ago and which are sold now, through which web sites. Which Internet-content-areas were most employed years ago and which are emerging now. Finally, I will try to build a model explaining the intension of purchase through different factors. Even more challenging is converting offline shoppers into online shoppers, but before achieving that, marketers in the industry have to understand basic drivers _ what make people buy different things on-line instead of going to supermarket, understanding whether it is general trend that due to the technologies development people change their purchase habits and more and more people transform form off-line into on-line shoppers and hence the future of e-markets is sunny with plenty of room and e ver growing possibilities, or there is something special which catches peoples attention, which affects their decision making process in particular situation and makes them preferring buying things in virtual world. Something which makes them ââ¬Å"take more riskâ⬠and without having possibility to touch the product and checking its quality pay money in it and at the same time be sure that his decision is right. My thesis will be one more contribution in understanding above mentioned online-purchase drivers. Besides referring to already published academic researches and newspaper/magazine articles, I will try to analyze internet traffic data, to look at the developments and trends over last four-five years, if there is any content-wise change what people were buying several years ago and what they are buying now. This observation should give us additional information if there is substantial difference in amount of purchased quantity of different products, if it so, we have to analyze what induces these differences, why are definite kind of products sold through internet more compared to others. Finally, defining key online purchasing derivers, I will try to classify them with respect of relevance and importance, try to understand their correlation and final affect on purchasing decision. 2. Literature Review Literature, different researches and publications, were basically used for explaining the driving factors of people who search and buy products online. By analyzing various sources I tried to come up with common understanding of drivers which motivate people in conducting online purchase. Besides academic and non-academic researches, some insights from area experts were also taken in consideration. These experts were interviewed during consulting practice project, which I and my three other peer class mates conducted for one of the European leading media companies, about the topic ââ¬Å"how to monetize online contentâ⬠. Kevin Wises and Hyo Jung Kims publication in Cyber Psychology Behavior in November 2008, named ââ¬Å"Searching versus Surfing: How different ways of acquiring content online affect cognitive processingâ⬠elaborates about distinctions between different methods of search people apply online. Authors claim that there are two different types of search: s earching and surfing. In first case people are aware of their will. They look for something objectively, whether in another case, they just wander in internet, without aiming on finding something specific. Testing differences between these two models with different type of examples and quantitative models and assessment tools, gave evidence that, depending on that whether people surf or search internet, differences not only final content of found information and then they way how these people remember details about the searched product, but differences also the biological processes which take place in these people while looking for information. Depending on the model used, they hade different level of arousal and different pace of hart beating. Authors conclude that, ââ¬Å"being thereâ⬠and ââ¬Å"getting thereâ⬠makes big affect on the final outcome of searched data. M. Bosnjiak, M. Galesic and T. Tuten in their ââ¬Å"Personality determinants of online shopping: Expl aining online purchase intensions using a hierarchical approachâ⬠published in Science Direct in 2007 make focus on personality determinants of online shopping behavior and the study is based on the on the work of Mowen about hierarchical approach to personality (Mowen, 3M Model, 2000 will be described below). Besides Mowen, authors widely apply to some other researchers and academics works. It could be perceived as almost perfect summarization of most valuable researches conducted on this topic by other researchers. One of the theories they apply is Pachuris 2002 work, where he tries to explain approach to online shopping behavior through four categories: 1) economics of information approach, 2) cognitive costs approach, 3) lifestyle approach, and 4) contextual influence. 1) Economics of information approach elaborates on perceived efficiency of buying online. It focuses on consumers preferences on shopping channels taking in consideration and comparing different alternativ e subjective costs including time costs. Perceived cost of shopping online should be less then shopping offline, if that is not the case, then consumers will not apply to inline purchase. 2) Cognitive costs approach elaborates on search-related cognitive processes and claim that consumers take decisions based on price and quality of the products, as well as reliability and credibility of online stores. Their final aim is to minimize cognitive costs associated with the actual purchase. 3) Lifestyle approach focuses on the type of life consumers lead, and their socio-demographic habits of money spending, interests, motives, values and opinions. Here they quote Alerck and Settle (2002) investigate regarding the time saving as a motivator of online shopping, where they conclude that surprisingly online consumers do not shop because Internet is perceived as the time-saving factor during shopping. 4) Contextual influence approach makes focus on navigational aides as well as atmos phere. Quoting Senecal et al. studies (2005) they repeat that recommendations in buying process to the customers who are exposed to the product make decision more complex but in fact it does not change final outcome. The work claims that despite all four points give us some insights and knowledge about online purchase motivators, it does not exactly examine the traits affecting the willingness of shopping online and still makes hint on the psychological portrait of every individual, and it seems that online and offline shoppers psycho-portrait differs from each other (Donthu and Garcia, 1999). Online shoppers seem to be more innovative people who are willing to take more risk and experience new feelings rather than non-Internet-shoppers. Mowens 3M Model of Motivation elaborates more on personality, takes I consideration individual differences and tries to draw the portrait of online shoppers. It applies four hierarchical levels: surface traits, situational traits, compound tra its and elemental traits. All these are hierarchically dependent on each other with the order they are presented. Situational traits (affective involvement, cognitive involvement) affect surface traits (intention to shop online), then come compound traits which often are developed through socialization (need for cognition, need to evaluate, need for arousal, need for material resources), but they are affected not only from external factors but also with personal experiences and socialization history with the traits at the highest level of model (elemental traits neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness). ââ¬Å"Effects of consumer Trust and Risk on online purchase decision making: A comparison of Finnish and United States studentsâ⬠(authors: C. Comegys, M. Hannula, J. Và ¤isà ¤nen) published in August 2009 by International Journal of Management, as we understand from label, makes focus on consumers trust and risk perceiveness during online pu rchase. They go through Kotlers five stage Consumer Buying Decision Process (need recognition, information search, evaluation, purchase decision, post-purchase behavior) and investigate how risk and trust theories work together through these five stages. Based on hypothesis testing method they also examine such factors as gender, changes over time and purchase volume. Finally they suggest managerial implications. Chen Chih-Chung and Su-Chao Changs ââ¬Å"Discussion on the behavior intention model of consumer online shoppingâ⬠tests and extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) models by examining variables of past experience and purchasing channels knowledge, in predicting consumer shopping. TPB elaborates that not all human decisions are explained and motivated by personal will, but rather they are somewhere between completely and incompletely controlled by personal will. In this research, authors exercise different factors, such as attitude, subject norm, perceived beha vior control, behavior intention, past shopping experience and consumer channel knowledge through multi-regression analysis model with level of significance p0,01. Jonna Jà ¤rvelà ¤inens ââ¬Å"Online purchase intensions: An empirical testing of a multiple-theory modelâ⬠(2007, Journal of Organizational Computing) concentrates on understanding how consumers choose their purchasing channel when the environment is relatively stable. The factors tested are: preferring conversation with customer service, complexity of product, prior online shopping experience, social influence or perception of system usefulness or ease of use. This model also offers to test some hypothesis and then builds correlation matrix to identify extent of final influence of each factor. Finally it summarizes theoretical and practical implications. ââ¬Å"A model of the determinants of purchasing from virtual storesâ⬠by R. Bakhri, F. Belanger and J. Hiks (2008, Journal of Organizational Computin g and Electronic Commerce) describes the consumer purchase decisions in a virtual stores. It makes focus on how individual visiting online stores could be affected to purchase from such a stores. Factors such as perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, perceived peer influence are tested through several hypothesis built in a quantitative model Chi-square analysis. The research discusses the design of stores as a tool leading to a purchase decision. As a conclusion I would say that literature contributed me not only in understanding intensions and drivers of online customers which make people start search for products objectively, but also to understand what are some other factors which are not among the factors motivating search, but are in the ââ¬Å"un-explainable by searchâ⬠part of our regression analysis and affect final decision of purchase. 3. Identifying correlation between the quantities of searched and purchased products. Analyzing AGOF data 3.1. What is AGOF? Founded in 2002 by German online marketers and online advertising media, AGOFs area of interest include activities such as: advertising market, meaning media agencies and online media planners, marketing decision makers at advertisers, marketers as well as other market partners. It has 17 members and 60 licensees and its studies are audited by independent third parties. AGOF collects and analyzes data about customers usage of internet, analyzes it through different criteria and segments (differentiated by sex, age, education, working status) and thus makes internet advertising more transparent and predictable. AGOFs approach is to sort and analyze everything through ââ¬Å"unique userâ⬠, and the methodology applied is multi-method model, which means: collecting data about unique users (unique computer) with three different ways. Main source is the electronic measurement (data collection) is a basic, and the other two, telephone interviews and on-site surveys are complementa ry for fulfilling the data. Individual clients account measures more technical inputs such as page impressions, visits, time (when), content related topics (content on IVW level), whereas online survey collects the information about clients themselves and their computer usage habits: socio-demographic data (age, gender, educationâ⬠¦), place of use, information on computers (number of users, login, etc). AGOF renews its information on the quarter basis, publishing the internet facts of previous three months, tries to catch with latest dynamics to make internet more predictable and plannable for marketers. Also, it constantly tries to further develop internet facts study. Analyzing relationship between ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠and ââ¬Å"buyââ¬Å". Conversion rate Before I move to the main part of the thesis, and use the ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠data as the main explanatory of ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠, I will try to conduct multi-step analysis, first find out if there is any statistically significant relationship among these two factors. For this purpose I will test two hypotheses: 1. H0: B = 0, there is no statistically significant relationship between these two factors 2. H1: B 0, there is statistically significant relationship between two factors We will test these hypotheses on p0,01 significance level. Then if there is any correlation between ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠and ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠we will interpret this confirmed correlation through the time-line across all products. Finally we will try to find main explanatory drivers and motivators of online purchase, academics and different publications talk about. Before testing the hypothesis lets review what it means for two variables being correlated to each other: to claim on correlation be tween X independent and Y dependent variables, the following should occur: * X proceeds Y * Y must not occur if X does not * Y must occur whenever X occurs As we know, the last point is not always the case, and very often people search products but do not buy them. One of the explanations of this ââ¬Å"phenomenonâ⬠is nicely described in Kevin Wises and Hyo Jung Kims research named ââ¬Å"Searching versus Surfingâ⬠, published in 2008, with the purpose to find out whether the content of acquired online media changes or not depending on the way how it acquired. The ââ¬Å"surfingâ⬠part describes situation when people just ââ¬Å"wander in the internetâ⬠without aim to buy anything. For us it is important to understand what makes these wanderers not aiming to purchase, suddenly change their mind and conduct online shopping. More important for us is to understand the purchasing drivers of those people who go shopping online consciously and predetermined . Or as this article explains, we are going to describe different motivators of ââ¬Å"being thereâ⬠and ââ¬Å"getting thereâ⬠. For the first step of our analysis, we are taking 26 different products from AGOF database (list of products in Appendix 2), for which we have different observations for every quarter, and then we run one linear regression for 4 year time observations. In total we will have 416 (26 products multiplied on 16 quarters) observations in the regression analysis (Appendix 4). As the results of regression show on appendix, R Squared is 0,8422 which means that about 84% of buy data can are explainable with ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠, and if we explain what are the motivators for people to search or surf on internet, then we will make one more step towards making internet purchase process more explainable and predictable. Other 14% of data can be explained with some other factors rather than search, and in later stage of the thesis we will have a talk on the se factors either. Besides R Squared, there are some more important coefficients in our results of linear regression, which are worth to pay attention. P-value as well as F-value in ANOVA table, is almost zero with 168 level, which tells us that from two hypothesis previously developed by us, we can reject first H0 hypothesis with p0,01 significance (1% significance level) and claim that there is statistically significant relationships between search and buy data. Some other coefficients which are worth to interpret are slope and the intercept: * Y intercept B0, in our case 1,13 says how many products are bought when ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠rate equals to zero. Once we have not any observations on zero ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠level, then its interpretation will be dubious practical value. * Slope B1, 0,53 in our regression, can be understood as change in half-year ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠quantity, when ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠is increased by one degree. On the second stage we should inte rpret this confirmed correlation through the timeline, across different quarters across all 26 products participating to understand if the conversion ratio of search into buy changed over time. Because it is suggested to have more than 26 observations for running more reliable regression analysis, we will unite two quarter data under one group/label ââ¬Å"half yearâ⬠, thus doubling our sample of observations and running regression on 52 observed products. In 4 year time period we will 8 different half-years and thus 8 more new regressions should be run. After running eight different regressions, to facilitate overview of results I gathered major coefficients in one table and then built some graphs to indicate trends better for R Squared, Intercept, Slope and P-value (Appendices 6 and 7) As table on Appendix 6 and the slight but constant increase over time of R Squared show (P-value decreases over time), correlation between search and buy rates increase, which means, more and more actual purchases become explainable with search rate, so more and more actual purchases become prone to logical explanation by different purchasing motivators researches have investigated. Other 14% which on its side is also decreasing over time, which means less and less purchase are non-explainable by search factor and its motivators. 4. Defining purchasing drivers based on academics researches, publications and expert insights As we already saw in literature review part, different academics have different approaches toward this problem; they all try to find the most appropriate criteria which will be most accurate measure of on-line purchase willingness. They try to test their theories and models form various angles, starting from personal psychological characteristics and portrait of people, continued with previous purchase experience, poor IT skills, affect of different external factors such as socio-demographic or the shopping channels used during process. Lookin g at the models of different publications and researches we can structure general criteria and factors which might be main motivators for conducting online purchase. Despite that these works never are the same they still have quiet much in common. We can categorize these factors as those, which might be logical motivators for searching products in internet and those which affect final ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠quantity but are not explanatory factors for search motivation. As we already ran regressions on AGOF data for half-year time periods to look at the changes through 4 years time frame and we have clearly visible relationships between search and buy factors, where search as an independent variable mostly explains buy rate outcome with even increasing tendency, we can now try to correlate quantitative outcome with theory and try to interpret figures in purchasing drivers. But, lets first discuss separately what each article and publications tell us and then let us try to unify the m under one structure. In ââ¬Å"trust and riskâ⬠theory already discussed in literature review, authors categorize eight different risk factors associated with internet purchase; these factors play important roles in every stage of the buying process. 1) performance risk related to product performance 2) time risk involved in transaction timed needed for shopping 3) financial risk absolute cost may be higher than in conventional shopping 4) delivery risk- the product may not arrive or may arrive late 5) social risk how friends and family react 6) privacy risk whether personal information is secure or not 7) payment risk financial consequences from sharing the credit card number 8) source risk reliability of the information on web-site Authors conclude that privacy, source, performance and payment risks were considered as the most crucial of risk in electronic business. Some of the hypothesis developed in the research found justification and also some other findings were: a) There is a positive relationship between the amount of consumer online trust and the online purchase volume b) There is a positive relationship between the amount of consumer online trust and the possible increase in purchase volume. There was evidence that people with little trust towards e-vendors significantly reduced purchased volume of products over time. c) Amount of risk-taking does not have any influence on purchased volume d) Risk and trust factors were perceived independently from five stage purchase process during buying process itself. ââ¬Å"Behaviour intention modelâ⬠which came up with following factors as purchasing drivers: attitude, subject norm, perceived behavior control, behavior intention, past shopping experience and consumer channel knowledge, finally concluded: a) Consumers attitude will affect their shopping behavior b) Consumers subject norm to online shopping will affect his/ser purchase beha vior c) Consumers perceived behavioral control to online shopping will affect his/her purchase behavior d) Consumers past online shopping experience will affect his/her purchase behavior e) Consumers internet channel knowledge will affect his/her shopping behavior f) The perceived behavioral control is not significant Further more, research agrees that consumers increased channel knowledge will grow in increased shopping intention. In fact the same concludes another, ââ¬Å"online purchase intension modelâ⬠, or ââ¬Å"multiple-theory modelâ⬠, which studies the affect of online channel in a relatively secure environment. This theory comes up with some interesting findings, but before quoting those findings, I will describe the theory approach itself: In the model, author looked to the case of purchasing behavior through eight different factors: PU, PEOU (Appendix 1), conversation preference, prior online experience, previous online booking experience, prod uct complexity, task ambiguity and social environments attitude. Covariance table was built for checking the relationship of each factor towards the final outcome. As covariance table showed, none of above mentioned criteria was significant determinant of result on its own; however some combinations like PU-PEOU might have become not big but statistically significant. Also, the model made evidence that: a) Prior online purchase experience has a significant positive effect on behavioural intention b) With increased experience a customer begins to trust online channel more c) The more customers are willing to repurchase form any given site, the more tend to shop on-line in general positive relationships with repurchase intension and purchase volume d) Trusting customers tend to be more loyal than who are risk-neutral. Loyal customers are typically satisfied with the service/products they receive ââ¬Å"Experience with traditional and online channels had a conside rable impact on channel choice, as well as PU. The effect of social environment was smaller but statistically significant. Inexperienced customers who do not find online shopping quicker, cheaper, suitable, for shopping, or easier to find information are likely to abort the online shopping process and finish it offline.â⬠Experience had such a big impact that special efforts should be done by companies to create first pleasant shopping experience. Some other important findings were: a) Some people, who do not want to shop elsewhere than in a store, do not perceive any convenience in for example online shopping. This again comes to the individualistic approach of different people. b) The social environment has a significant positive effect on behavioural intention and PU of the system Theory claims that the main reasons to purchase online could be: convenience, broader selection, competitive pricing, product choice, product value, greater access to information Do IT skills matter? What really matters rather than IT skills is trust towards the online shopping, which is something which comes with experience of internet usage. As conducted research among Fin and American students show, any difference in trust factors among consumers lay beyond the IT skills. It something deeper, which in most cases is inexpiable because perceived risk is very individual and comes from personal characteristics * Described in of Jonna Jervelà ¤inens Multiple-theory Model, ââ¬Å"Technology acceptance model (TAM), which is based on two basic concepts, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) tries to somehow answer that question. Experience with traditional and online channels rather than pure IT skills, had a considerable impact on channel choice, as well as PU. The effect of social environment was smaller but statistically significantâ⬠General insights in academics researches Lets sum up also some more general knowledge also, different research ers and stakeholders got about the internet: Here are some important findings: * Those who have less risk perception associated to the internet purchase buy more but at the same time we should consider that risk perception reduces due to the usage the internet over time. More experience customer has more he starts to trust the online channels. Hence heavy internet users buy online more than those who use internet less. Women and men perceive risks differently no matter the level of their technical or any other skills and no matter the environment * First online purchase experience has a significant influence on customers behaviour in the future. If a consumer had a negative experience during first purchase process, e.g. during booking tickets online, it less reliable that he will come back and try some other time. This explains why companies try to make positive first experience in their consumers buying behaviour and very often with different approaches try to incentivise them to conduct the purchase * Having positive prior experience increases the tru st of customers towards channels. There is always less possibility that trusting, loyal customer will be unsatisfied with the product/service he receives * Experience is so important that it is recommended to be taken in consideration while making the design of site. Even more as researches show, very often people take purchase decisions based on emotions rather than reasonable judgment and actual need of the product * There is positive correlation between total volume purchased by a customer and his repurchase intention rate from any other site. * Increased security perception in terms of provided personal information safety does not increase significantly consumers willingness to buy more. At the same time risk perception for customers is on peak when they enter their personal information. Thus we can conclude that companies should not make barriers to the customers during purchase procedure * One of the main factors which can make believe people to by products online is having possibility of returning them back, in case they do not like it will not meet their expectations after receiving it * Overall costs perceived during online purchase should less than during offline parches. If is more or the same, than consumer will not by online. In other words it should be more ââ¬Å"convenientâ⬠for client to prefer buying online Interpreting increasing dynamics of regression analysis coefficients As we saw in previous topics reviewing academic and non-academic researches and their findings regarding purchasing motivators, purchasing channel preferences and etc. we can conclude that the trend we came up in our regression analysis (Appendices 6 and 7) is very logical reflection of what researches say. Increased R Squared value means that hypothesis mentioned by us in previous topics as the explanatory factors gain more and more credibility. They become more prone to the logic, which tell us that, over time, people get more experience of using Internet, thus their fear and risk averseness towards online purchase decreases: two main factors benefit two that: shifting the proportion of generation distribution, thus more and more old people become skilled in internet usage (those who were young several years ago) and another is socio-demographic affect or in other words peers or friends influence: once more people buy start trusting online purchase at least because of gained experience in the area, more people they will recommend. So, the conversion ratio of search to buy data will increase, as well as absolute number of online shoppers. Some other factors explaining this phenomenon might be the marketers themselves who are now more aware about online customers and their behaviour rather than several years ago, when industry was new and emerging. Many marketers possibly also realized that sometimes it might be nice, attracting design and correctly delivered massage, rather than customers actual need which will make them buy products online. Marketers started ââ¬Å"attackingâ⬠the customers by asking with different flexible approaches to buy for some products and services online, and in many cases they become successful, once as we mentioned they are now more educated, and customers also become more trustful towards internet shopping. Factors not explaining the search amount As Mowens 3M Models one of the surprising findings is that sometimes important determinant which makes people to purchase goods online, is affective rather than cognitive involvement. In other words, decision sometimes is made purely on emotion merit rather than reasoning. This might be partial explanatory factor of those 13% of error term we got in our regression analysis last ââ¬Å"half-yearâ⬠coefficients. The other explanatory factor might be e.g. easing of payment for the good online. Because mostly this is the factor that customer is not aware the specifics about from the very beginning of purchase decision and when comes at the stage of real purchase, way of payment (easiness, clarity, quantity of information required) might become either motivating factor or discouraging one. 5. Conclusion As dynamics show slowly but objectively more people become online buyers, and also more consciously they become regarding online purchase (which is reflected in regression analysis coefficients) meaning that they need less and less page impressions (search clicks) to conduct actual purchase. I think this trend will continue because many facts already mentioned by us, contributes to this dynamic. As we mentioned, more experience with online has positive relationship with increased purchased volume. Another factor is the successful prior experience which also positively contributes towards increased purchased volume and finally the affect of your social network. Marketers should take in consideration some important factors which affect either negatively or positively the buying decision: * Sometimes people make online purchase on emotional basis rather than cognitive, so attractiveness of massage and design of site has big importance * Ease of payment system is another facto r contributing to increased amount of online sales * Increased security measures regarding filling the personal information, in not transformed in increased perception of safety. Even more, risk perception from customer is on the peak while entering online his name or his credit card number. Thus marketers should target on minimizing risk perception for the customers and hence boosting sales * Once successful prior experience with online purchase has invaluable impact on customers further behavior, marketers should aim to create first pleasant experiences of online purchase for their customers * Customers should have opportunity to return product back, is they do not like it after receiving As we managed to show in our analysis, there is a strong correlation between search and buy amounts in internet. Marketers should target not only ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠traffic records, but also, ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠, because as we mentioned customers need time to become more loyal towards online shopping, time and experience converts them more trustful. Besides, sometimes purely emotional arousal might become the basis of consumers decision, thus give them opportunity to sea a nicely designed massage, might convert them in from neutral to active customers. References M. Bosnjak, M. Galesic, T.Tuten (2006) Personality Determinants of Online Shopping: Explaining Purchase Intentions Using a Hierarchical Approach ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com), Journal of Business Research 60 (2007) 597 605 Jonna Jà ¤rvelà ¤inen, Online Purchase Intensions: An Empirical Testing of a Multiple-Theory Model Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce 17(1), 53 74 (2007) Chen Chih-Chung, Su-Chao Cahng (2005) Discussions on the Begaviour Intension Model of Consumer Online Shopping Journal of Business and Management vol. 11, (2005) Reza Barkhi, France Belanger, and James Hicks, A Model of the Determinants of Purchasing from Virtual Stores Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 18: 177 196, (2008) Copyright à © Taylor Francis Group, LLC; ISSN: 1091-9392 print/ 1532-7744 online; DOI: 10.1080/10919390802198840 Charles Comegys, Mika Hannula, Jaani Và ¤isà ¤nen, Effects of Consumer Trust and Risk on Online Purchase Decision-making: A comparison of Finish and United States Students Vol. 26 No. 2; (August 2009) Kevin Wise and Hyo Jung Kim, Searching Versus Surfing: How Different Ways of Acquiring Content Online Affect Cognitive Processing, volume 11, Number 3, (2008) Traffic data analysis Power Point presentation from internet web-site: www.agof.de graphiken if 2009 ii Traffic data from internet web-site www.agof.de Appendix 1: Terminology Explanation of some words or phrasal words, which in everyday life could be understood with many different meanings, but in my thesis they bear one and only one underlined meaning: AGOF German internet web-site tracking internet traffic data based on multi-method model AGOF clients German audience more than 14 years old using internet Conversion ratio the ratio of searched and purchased products in internet, indicating the rate by which ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠are converted in ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠Customer behavior customers attitude towards online purchase on average, their intention to search and then by products online. The pace they search and buy products at a definite period of time Changing customer behavior any changes in amount of searched and purchased products in particular period of time compared to other period IVW German internet web-site tracking internet traffic data Unique user individual user in internet, individual computer Technology acc eptance model (TAM) consists from two major concepts: the perceived usefulness (PU) and ease of use (PEOU) of a system. PU users subjective perception of the ability of a computer to increase job performance when completing a task PEOU persons subjective perception of the effortlessness of a computer system Appendix 2: List of products on which analysis are conducted Alcoholic bavareges other alcoholic beverages and spirits Books computer and videogames computer hardware and accesoories computer software without games Tickets for movies, theatre, classical concerts, pop concerts or sporting events Movies on DVDs, Videos cheap air tickets from airlines Pay to music or movies from the internet as a download Investments, shares, securities, funds Health products and medicines DIY or DIY tools Hotels for leisure and business trips Charges Lottery Games Life and annuity insurance as private pension rental cars Music CDs Furniture or objects on the furniture Perfumes, fragrances for men or women shoes Sporting goods, sports equipment Sweets and salty snacks Telecommunications products, e.g. Cell phones or cordless phones Frozen foods and ready meals Holiday travel and last-minute travel Appendix 3: Number of Internet users in Germany in the second qurter of 2009 Source: www.AGOF.de, graphiken-if-2009-ii.download Population in Germany (people more than 14 years old) _ 64.82 million People who use Internet _ 43.20 million Internet users observed for surveys (people who used internet last three months) _ 42.22 million Appendix 4: Regression analyses for finding out relationship between ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠and ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠data Appendix 5: Uniting two quarter data under one group for the sake of regression analysis Appendix 6: Important coefficients from eight different period regression analyses Columns: SS explainable Regression sum of square. Portion of ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠explainable by ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠SS Residual Residual sum of square. Non- explainable part of ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠factor with ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠SS Total Total sum of square R Squared Portion of ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠explainable by ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠, as portion form 1 Non Explainable Non- explainable part of ââ¬Å"buyâ⬠factor with ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠, as portion from 1 Appendix 7: Graphs representing trends in regression analysis coefficients over 4 years time period R Squared increases over time, which means, more and more ââ¬Å¾buyââ¬Å" data are explainable with ââ¬Å¾searchââ¬Å" data, thus the purchase motivating factors described by academics become more and more prone to the logic. It also is a matter of experience, social affect, improved IT skills, and trust towards channels as well as online purchase as the whole P-value approaching to zero means that hypothesis about ââ¬Å"searchâ⬠and ââ¬Å"buyââ¬Å" data correlation gain more and more viability carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-4815853619069781132020-05-17T10:14:00.001-07:002020-05-17T10:14:08.304-07:00Description Of The Retailer Charming Charlie - 1628 Words The objective of this report is to provide an in depth analysis of the retailer Charming Charlie, in regards to store layout, design, and visual merchandising. Emphasis will be placed on the storeââ¬â¢s attraction to the target market, layout organization, and brand image consistency. Charming Charlie is a womenââ¬â¢s contemporary jewelry and accessories specialty retailer. The following information is based on the observation of the Charming Charlieââ¬â¢s location in Ashley Park, which is a shopping center in Newnan, Georgia. Appearance According to the statistical analysis conducted by the Nielsen Company, there are 5 major segments for the zip code 30263. The most common attributes among these segments are: busy lives, creative, and prefer value shopping. This is a perfect location for Charming Charlie because their mission is to help their customers ââ¬Å"unleash their one-of-a-kind style.â⬠This allows their consumers to use their creativity to put together an ideal outfit. Charming Charlie is located in the shopping center just a few miles away from a major highway (I-85). A smart move Charming Charlie made was to place the store on the opposite end of the shopping center, which is a good distance away from DSW, another specialty retailer. DSW offers a wider variety of shoes and accessories, which can become a major competitor. As far as the location, Charming Charlie fits in perfectly. With the industrial style ceilings and spotlights, it blends in well to the surrounding storesShow MoreRelatedBrand Bui lding Blocks96400 Words à |à 386 Pagesdrinks, price competition is at center stage, driven by the power of strong retailers, value-sensitive customers, reduced category growth, and overcapacity (often caused by new entrants and by old competitors hanging on, sometimes via bankruptcy). Retailers have become stronger year by year, and they have used that strength to put pressure on prices. Whereas a decade ago, the manufacturer largely controlled information, retailers are now collecting vast amounts of information and developing models to carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-70502132242849034422020-05-06T19:10:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:10:26.478-07:00The Combat Against Poverty Has Been An Ongoing Battle That The combat against poverty has been an ongoing battle that perpetually mimics a stalemate, that is, regardless of what the world throws at it - poverty seems invincible. Furthermore, after the development of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) by the United Nations in 2001, a handful of Non-Government Organizations (NGO) and business entities began capitalizing on the creation of these MDGââ¬â¢s. That being said, many NGOââ¬â¢s distributed MDG related advertisements (which incorporates the heart warming feeling individuals get when helping others) in order to encourage the public to donate to impoverished countries. Whereas, business corporations utilize a unique business model that encourages the public to buy their product in order to helpâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦. .â⬠(Kon, par. 8). As stated above, NGOââ¬â¢s have been operating advertisements in a way that frames countries as resource poor areas. In other words, the organizations are portraying how individuals in third world countries are incapable of finding a job due to their supposedly resource depleted, and thus economically inviable countries (Poverty Inc.). For example, Africa, in terms of natural resources, is ââ¬Å"the worlds richest continent. It has 50 percent of the worldââ¬â¢s gold, most of the worlds diamonds and chromium, 90 percent of the cobalt, 40 percent of the worlds potential hydroelectric power, 65 percent of the manganeseâ⬠(Williams, par. 1); however, the African country is usually the star of many documentary films concerning poverty. Thus, the propaganda used by these organizations, which stimulates an influx of donations, are presented in an fabricated manner that falsely represents these countries; however, the spike of donated goods does not only come from the influence o f NGOââ¬â¢s, but also from for profit businesses corporations. A handful of business entities around the globe have capitalized on a business model that both stimulates profit, and helps impoverished countries ââ¬â the ââ¬Å"one-for-oneâ⬠model. This model operates in a manner that provides a child in need with a free item when that same item is purchased in a first world country. This trend has been incredibly popular and has catapulted to prominence around the world: ââ¬Å"more and moreShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Low Income Affects The Lifestyles Of Minimum Wage Essay1450 Words à |à 6 Pagesprescriptions. (Qin Chernew, 2014) The current minimum wage level compared to the poverty threshold, is not sufficient to support minimum wage earners and their families. This is a phenomenon that has been lingering for decades, due to changes in the economy. Additionally, over the past five decades, the federal government has attempted to combat poverty across the country; however, this battle is still ongoing today. (HHS, 2016) In 2015, the Census Bureau conducted a government assistance programRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals Been A Success? Essay1507 Words à |à 7 PagesDevelopment Goals been a success? Student Number: 1546031 Word Count: 1488 Words In the year 2000, at the Millennium Summit of the United Nations every member state of the UN at the time agreed to help in achieving eight goals that targeted areas such as poverty, education, gender equality, disease and more. Each goal had its own specific targets as well as dates for achieving those targets. Since many of the goals expire on December 31, 2015 (McArthur, 2013) it has come up inRead MoreWhat Was The Cold War?1726 Words à |à 7 Pagesafter the Vietnam War and ending a few years later. Nor did the Cold War only involve the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War was an ongoing fight between the United States of America and Communism. The United States believed that Communism was wrong and that is should be stamped out wherever found. Relations with the Soviet Union had been uneasy for some time. Joseph Stalin released a provocative statement in 1946, stating that international peace was impossible ââ¬Å"under the present capitalistRead MoreSlavery And The Worst Violations Of Human Rights Essay1984 Words à |à 8 PagesSlavery is undeniably one of the worst violations of human rights. Slaves are denied of their basic rights, and forced to labor in the worst of condition with little to no pay. Slavery goes against the majority of articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rightsââ¬â¢ articles but most notably the forth article that specifically prohibits slavery and servitude, but also the first couple of articles that clearly state that all human beings are born free and equal, and are entitled to those rightsRead MoreI ndian Joe, Lightfoot Gonzales, And Narisco Allalha1563 Words à |à 7 Pagesmembers of the Choctaw tribe attempted the arduous journey to Indian Territory, it is estimated that anywhere from 2,500ââ¬â6,000 Choctaw died along the way causing a Choctaw chief to call it the trail of tears and death. This tragedy has not been forgotten by modern Choctaw and has become a defining moment in their culture. Joe Lightfoot references the Trail of Tears several times throughout Indian Joe and specifically remarks on his cultural loss when driving to Lizââ¬â¢s home saying, ââ¬Å"the Trail of Tears rightRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Jfk Inaugural Address1426 Words à |à 6 Pagesgathered before him as well, directing it to people around the world. He attempted to inspire the nation by calling on his fellow Americans to work together in not only the pursuit of progress and the elimination of poverty, but also in the battle to win the ongoing Cold War against communism around the wor ld (History.com Staff)and his hope for peace in the nuclear age. In addition to his message, he recognized that captivating his audience required a powerful delivery. This was shown during theRead MoreThe Crime Of Organized Crime1649 Words à |à 7 PagesWhen I hear the term organized crime, I associate it with ââ¬Å"The Mafiaâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Scarfaceâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Cartelsâ⬠. Organized crime can be defined in a variety of ways. It is an ongoing criminal enterprise that is wisely working to generate profit engaging in illegal activities depending on demand, where its presence is preserve through force, intimidations, and corruption. According to the FBI, organized crime is basically a group of transnational, national, or local alliances of highly centralized enterprises runRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Au in Achieving Continental Unity2727 Words à |à 11 Pagesinternational consensus in support of the liberation struggle and the fight against apar theid , it lacked the power and muscle to fight a decisive battle hence the formation of the AU. The AU which is Africaââ¬â¢s new political Union is hoped to foster prosperity and democracy through social, economic and regional integration. The AU is meant to be more radical than its predecessor. Its charter makes provision for intervention, against a member stateââ¬â¢s wishes, ââ¬Å"in respect of grave circumstancesâ⬠. The AU charterRead MoreYouth Gangs2071 Words à |à 9 PagesJimmie Simpson University of Phoenix Although some may argue that gang activity and youth involvement has grown exponentially through the years, it has been an ongoing epidemic for decades. Methods, levels of violence, rules, and motivations may have changed over the years, but the basic infrastructure has remained the same. The earliest accounts of youth involvement in gangs first appeared in Europe or Mexico, while the earliest record of youth gangs appearing in the United StatesRead MoreSouth Africa s Political, Economic, Legal, Cultural, And Commercial Aspects Of Doing Business With South1810 Words à |à 8 Pagesn.d.). There are many issues still today that threaten South Africaââ¬â¢s political stability, some of which are long standing, and some of which have become more imperative in recent times. South Africaââ¬â¢s has several weak spots in its political system that could disrupt the relative steadiness that has prevailed in recent times. South Africa continues to face the legacy of apartheid in that there is a disproportionate influence over financial and business affairs. The whites of the country (9.6% of the carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-74503990001967425112020-05-06T00:46:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:46:24.234-07:00Facilitating Reef Tourism Management â⬠Free Samples to Students Question: Discuss about the Facilitating Reef Tourism Management. Answer: Introduction The Great Barrier Reef is considered to be Australias top tourism attraction and its subsumed under the World-Heritage list for being the largest coral reef ecosystem in the world. The reef spans for more than 2,300 kilometres beginning from the northernmost part of Queensland the southern part of the coastal town in Bundaberg (Tourismandmore.com 2018). The WhitSunday Islands are known for its group of islands located in the heart of Queensland, Australia. My aim is to establish an eco-tourism business that would provide attractive package for the teeming visitors. For the business initiative I would approach the Sydney Morning Herald as a communication and print partner. The Great Barrier Reef provides a spectacular view for tourists all over the world. Recently, the government of Australia has initiated a long-term plan for the sustainability of the Great Barrier Reef (Coghlan 2012). The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park covers 3444, 000 sq. km and comprises of 2,900 coral reefs, 300 coral cays, seagrass beds, 600 continental islands and numerous mangrove islands (Abascal, Fluker and Jiang 2016). All these makes the Great Barrier Reef Park, the ideal spot for embarking on a eco-tourism business. My entrepreneurial venture would be to provide an ecotourism package that would comprise of sightseeing of the WhitSunday Islands, glass-bottom-viewing, walks around the Great Barrier Marine Reef and snorkelling options. It has been found that more 80 per cent of the different activities related to tourism occurs in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (Spencer 2016). The motivation behind beginning with this business venture is to spread awareness about the impa ct of climate change on one of the most prized coral eco-systems in the world. The region has recorded a footfall of more than 2.4 million visitors that contributes to $3.1 billion to the economy of the country (Australia.com 2018). Given the low rate of employment in the region, the local tourists will incorporated in the business by acting guides for the visitors in educating about the Great Barrier Reef. The political environment of Australia is appropriate for the operation of eco-tourism primarily because Australia is not known for infiltration and conflict that may jeopardize the business. As has been discussed earlier that the Great Barrier Reef attracts tourists round the year, therefore, the economic environment for the growth of the business is quite promising (Great Barrier Reef 2018). The eco-tourism package would generate employment for the large number of unemployed people (Authority 2014). Modern technology and social media networks would be used extensively for the promotion and advertising. On the environmental aspect, there is threat due to the decline in the condition of the coral reef system. The ecotourism business will be promoted vigorously through the incorporation of a number of interesting package like the family package or special package for the honeymoon couple. During occasions on the National Day, Valentines Day and Christmas there will be attractive offer s that would attract more visitors. I will request the Australian government to help us in spreading the eco-tourism message of the business. Conclusion Ecotourism is an emerging tourism opportunity and keeping in mind the diversity of flora, fauna and natural endowments, I expect the business to do well. I would continuously make endeavours to thrive the interest about my business prospect by adopting innovative approach. I intend to advertise on television by incorporating the local celebrities and seek the support of the Australian Tourism ministry. References Abascal, T.E., Fluker, M. and Jiang, M., 2016. Domestic demand for Indigenous tourism in Australia: understanding intention to participate.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(8-9), pp.1350-1368. Australia.com. 2018.The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland - Tourism Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.com/en-ie/places/great-barrier-reef.html [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Authority, G.B.R.M.P., 2014. Great barrier reef outlook report 2014. Coghlan, A., 2012. Facilitating reef tourism management through an innovative importance-performance analysis method.Tourism Management,33(4), pp.767-775. Bunce, L., Economics, D.A., 2013. Economic contribution of the Great Barrier Reef. Great Barrier Reef. 2018.Experiences in the region - Great Barrier Reef. [online] Available at: https://www.greatbarrierreef.org/reef-experiences/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Spencer, Ashley, (2016.).Tourists Are Flocking to the Great Barrier Reef Because It .... [online] Available at: https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/78k7eg/tourists-are-flocking-to-the-great-barrier-reef-because-its-dying [Accessed 2018]. Tourismandmore.com. 2018.Educational Tourism | Tourism MoreTourism More. [online] Available at: https://www.tourismandmore.com/tidbits/educational-tourism/ [Accessed 12 Apr. 2018]. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-91696219790081443332020-04-20T19:09:00.001-07:002020-04-20T19:09:03.495-07:00ONE Considerable Advantage That Arises From Philosophy, Consists In Th ONE considerable advantage that arises from Philosophy, consists in the sovereign antidote which it affords to superstition and false religion. All other remedies against that pestilent distemper are vain, or at least uncertain. Plain good sense and the practice of the world, which alone serve most purposes of life, are here found ineffectual: History as well as daily experience furnish instances of men endowed with the {2} strongest capacity for business and affairs, who have all their lives crouched under slavery to the grossest superstition. Even gaiety and sweetness of temper, which infuse a balm into every other wound, afford no remedy to so virulent a poison; as we may particularly observe of the fair sex, who tho' commonly possest of their rich presents of nature, feel many of their joys blasted by this importunate intruder. But when found Philosophy has once gained possession of the mind, superstition is effectually excluded, and one may fairly affirm that her triumph over th is enemy is more complete than over most of the vices and imperfections incident to human nature. Love or anger, ambition or avarice, have their root in the temper and affection, which the soundest reason is scarce ever able fully to correct, but superstition being founded on false opinion, must immediately vanish when true philosophy has inspired juster sentiments of superior powers. The contest is here more equal between the distemper and the medicine, {3} and nothing can hinder the latter from proving effectual but its being false and sophisticated. IT will here be superfluous to magnify the merits of Philosophy by displaying the pernicious tendency of that vice of which it cures the human mind. ([editor's note] 1) The superstitious man says Tully2 is miserable in every scene, in every incident in life; even sleep itself, which banishes all other cares of unhappy mortals, affords to him matter of new terror; while he examines his dreams, and finds in those visions of the night prognostications of future calamities. I may add that tho' death alone can put a full period to his misery, he dares not fly to this refuge, but still prolongs a miserable existence from a vain fear left he offend his Maker, by using the power, with which that beneficent being has endowed him. The presents of God and nature are ravished from us by this {4} cruel enemy, and notwithstanding that one step would remove us from the regions of pain and sorrow, her menaces still chain us down to a hated being which she herself chiefly contributes to render misera ble. 'TIS observed by such as have been reduced by the calamities of life to the necessity of employing this fatal remedy, that if the unseasonable care of their friends deprive them of that species of Death which they proposed to themselves, they seldom venture upon any other, or can summon up so much resolution a second time as to execute their purpose. So great is our horror of death, that when it presents itself under any form, besides that to which a man has endeavoured to reconcile his imagination, it acquires new terrors and overcomes his feeble courage: But when the menaces of superstition are joined to this natural timidity, no wonder it quite deprives men of all power over their lives, since even many pleasures and enjoyments, {5} to which we are carried by a strong propensity, are torn from us by this inhuman tyrant. Let us here endeavour to restore men to their native liberty, by examining all the common arguments against Suicide, and shewing that that action may be free from every imputation of guilt or blame, according to the sentiments of all the antient philosophers. ([editor's note] 2) IF Suicide be criminal, it must be a transgression of our duty either to God, our neighbour, or ourselves. -- To prove that suicide is no transgression of our duty to God, the following considerations may perhaps suffice. In order to govern the material world, the almighty Creator has established general and immutable laws, by which all bodies, from the greatest planet to the smallest particle of matter, are maintained in their proper sphere and function. To govern the animal world, he has endowed all living carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-32524172459290294052020-03-15T20:05:00.001-07:002020-03-15T20:05:03.343-07:00The Dog That Will Not Die!The Dog That Will Not Die! Free Online Research Papers In this world there are several things I dislike, but most of all I dislike my roommateââ¬â¢s dog. He drives me crazy. I have several reasons not to like this dog; it is old and grumpy, it stinks, and it thinks it can sleep on anything in the house. There are so many more reasons for me not to like this animal. I ask myself everyday why will this dog not die or just go somewhere else and stay out of my life. First off, this dog isnââ¬â¢t a cute little puppy; itââ¬â¢s an eight year old Chihuahua from the depths of hell. His owner, Brooklyn, named him Simon for some reason, but I call him Satin. He has this hideous tan fur that is turning white like an elderly man and huge, bulging eyes that look in separate directions. This animal is so grumpy, every time we have company over it attacks them like they are an escaped prisoner being attacked by the k9 unit. Brooklyn says he is so aggressive because of all the medications he is on. I disagree, I think he is just stupid and doesnââ¬â¢t realize what he is doing. Every time I hear this dog bark, which is anytime anyone moves, I clinch my fists and mumble profanity under my breath. If animal cruelty wasnââ¬â¢t a crime I would beat this animal until he obeyed, which I doubt will ever happen with that dog. Another thing that bothers me about this dog is its horrible dog odor. This creature smells like it sleeps on road kill. He goes to the groomer all the time, but it obviously does no good. Everything this dog sits on stinks. He also sheds his fur on our furniture. It drives me crazy. I hate getting it on my clothes when I sit down. I just donââ¬â¢t understand why he canââ¬â¢t stay outside like all animals should. My parents didnââ¬â¢t allow animals in our house back home, so Iââ¬â¢m not used this. This dog obviously isnââ¬â¢t fit for being a house dog. Iââ¬â¢m surprised he doesnââ¬â¢t use the bathroom on the floors. He does everything else wrong so why not? His owner thinks he is so perfect. I tell her everyday how much I just want to punt it out side. Lastly, this beast thinks he owns the house. Last time I checked he wasnââ¬â¢t paying any rent. He gets mad if anyone walks by his bed, sits close to him, or even makes a loud sound. He acts like this is his territory and everyone else are intruders. I cannot even have company over without locking him in his room. It makes me so angry. I feel like Iââ¬â¢m not welcomed in my own house because I get attacked every time I come home. This dogââ¬â¢s behavior is so ridiculous. It is pretty bad when you want to move to get away from a dog. In conclusion, this dog drives me insane. I cannot stress enough how this dog makes me feel. It stinks up our house, attacks everyone and just ruins my day. Itââ¬â¢s not like Iââ¬â¢m an animal hater or I havenââ¬â¢t tried to make things better. Iââ¬â¢ve had many talks with my roommate, but it is no use. She always has an excuse for its behavior. Iââ¬â¢ve given up on trying to make peace with this dog. I guess I will never be able to enjoy living on my own while heââ¬â¢s around. I doubt he will live much long, but right now it seems like he will never die. Research Papers on The Dog That Will Not Die!Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Spring and AutumnUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtGenetic EngineeringThe Hockey Game carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-58935960295806833972020-02-28T10:31:00.001-08:002020-02-28T10:31:02.994-08:00Race and ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1Race and ethnicity - Essay Example The identity based on environmental, cultural or historical diversity should have no effect on the fact that human beings can and may live differently. All peoples of the world possess equal faculties and can attain the highest levels of intellectual, technical, social, cultural, economical and political development. The difference between the achievements of the people are entirely attributed to geographical, historic, political, economic, social and cultural factors and by no means should form the basis of rank-ordered or classification of peoples of different races. All human groups no matter what their ethnic origin contribute according to their own genius towards the progress of civilization and culture. Racism and racial prejudice have afflicted the world in ever-changing form. By continuing legislative provisions and administrative practices which are contrary to the principles of human rights, contempt and injustice continues to prevail for certain individuals and groups in a society. An understanding of the racial issue facing America needs to be viewed in a historical context. The African Americans arrived as slaves, shackled in chains and their social status was defined by their captivity. They were regarded as beings of inferior order and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either socially or politically. They were deprived of the rights the white man was bound to enjoy and were considered by some as lawful to reduce them to slavery for their benefit. The criteria by which the social worthiness of individuals is judged and discriminations made are class, caste and the cultural history i.e. the legacy of slavery on race relations as in the case of blacks. The ways in which inequality is institutionalized or the ways by which the socially defined categories of person are rewarded unequally for their social contribution, is by ignoring the talents and abilities of individuals. The targeting and mistreatment of ethnic minorities has been a recurrent theme in the history of the modern world. The ethnic cleansing practiced by the Serbians in Bosnia is a recent example and the systematic massacre of the Jews by the Nazis in the Second World War even to this day, is considered a heinous crime by the whole world. Even some European countries have demonstrated very high levels of intolerance, especially towards immigrants of color who have entered their workforce in recent decades. The society we all live in, is an organic system in which various components work together to contribute to the health of the whole system and some of these systems are more important for the survival of the system as compared to others. Functionalism relies on the metaphor that society is a body or a living system. (Rigney 2001, p. 17) Just as a human organism consists of many parts like the brain, heart, kidneys and lungs etc. which work together for the survival of a person, in the same way the society also consists of multiple cooperative components. Functional analysis proceeds not by examining the details of specific interaction but by looking at the society as carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-70790428445267671372020-02-12T03:18:00.001-08:002020-02-12T03:18:03.600-08:00Ethical dilemmas and the law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsEthical dilemmas and the law - Research Paper Example Michael had full knowledge that his childhood best friends were the ones being prosecuted for a wrongdoing, but in spite of this, he had acted as prosecutor to the case as if he had actually defended the victim although he did not. In the first place, there was already a plan on Michaelââ¬â¢s part to use the case to chase the remaining jail guards, who had molested and tortured them, while they were incarcerated at the Wilkinson Home. As a prosecutor, Michael was obliged to present evidences that will prove John and Tommyââ¬â¢s involvement in the crime. It was Michaelââ¬â¢s responsibility to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that his were friends were not innocent, and that he, as a prosecutor, will not tolerate a wrongdoing even if it had been committed by someone close to him. However, this was not the case because Michael was certain of his conviction to help his friends, whatever it takes. Crucial decisions that take into account the due process of law need to depend on et hical considerations (ââ¬Å"The importance,â⬠2004, p. 4). Prosecuting lawyers should have their own set of ethical standards to avoid instances, when a defendant will be convicted of a crime he or she never committed (Tucker, 2012). While these ethical considerations or standards are applicable to the job of a prosecutor, it may become different if the prosecutor uses his position in the case to let the defendant escape the punishment of law or to reverse the case in favor of the defendantââ¬â¢s party. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-69290679147474739972020-01-31T15:58:00.001-08:002020-01-31T15:58:04.085-08:00Motivational types Essay Example for Free Motivational types Essay The hypothesis for this study was ââ¬Å"Do certain types of personality traits determine individual motivational types? â⬠The importance of this type of study has been recognized by many researchers. For example Tett and Burnett (2003) determined that recognizing different personality types could determine how an individual might be influenced by various motivational factors which in turn reflect how productive and viable an individual might be under different work environments. The impact of finding a direct correlation between personality traits, and motivational types, could be significant in many industry fields. This paper considered the following motivational factors: money, energy from other people, the work environment, professional growth and power. In general the findings were unsurprising. For example many people mentioned that money was a motivational factor in their workplace, yet those on a higher pay were more reluctant to say so. What was interesting in this study was the apparent lack of significance of power on an individualââ¬â¢s motivation to work. This would suggest that there are some personality types that firstly distinguish between power in the workplace and decision making, and secondly that some individuals prefer a position where they are not called on to make decisions. In relation to whether or not an individual classified himself as a ââ¬Ëprivate personââ¬â¢ and how this impacted motivation, only one scenario was considered; that of being a private person and project planning. Although the results were not definitive there was a strong suggestion that those respondents who considered themselves private people, also liked a structured work environment. This is supported by other results in the study such as the significant number of people that enjoyed working in a team environment, and those who found the energy of people around them a motivational factor. The limitations of this study included a necessary restriction on the variables studied and the small number of participants in the sample group. However many of the results found in the variables studied were quite conclusive and further study with larger respondent groups and more variables associated with different personality types could prove useful in this area. References Tett, R. P. ,Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality traitââ¬âbased interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 500-517. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-77983846178090626842020-01-23T12:22:00.001-08:002020-01-23T12:22:03.095-08:00The Role Catalysts In Chemical Reactions, Their Importance In Industry The Role Catalysts In Chemical Reactions, Their Importance In Industry, Problems and New Developments OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE SCHOOLS EXAMINATION BOARD. General Certificate Examination - Advanced Level Chemistry (Salters') - Paper 3 mock. ROBERT TAYLOR U6JW. A Catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a reaction. The catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. The process is called catalysis. In this report I aim going to explain the role of catalysts in chemical reactions and their importance in industry. I will also outline the problems associated with the use of some catalysts and discuss, using appropriate examples, new developments in this area which will help reduce damage to the environment. The process of catalysis is essential to the modern day manufacturing industry. Ninety per cent, over a trillion dollars' worth, of manufactured items are produced with the help of catalysts every year. It is therefore logical that scientists are constantly searching for new improved catalysts which will improve efficiency or produce a greater yield. An acidic catalyst works due its acid nature. Catalysts are strong acids and readily give up hydrogen ions, or protons: H+. Protons can be released from hydrated ions, for example H3O+, but more commonly they are released from ionisable hydroxyl groups (R-OH) where the O-H bond is broken to produce R-O- and H+. When the reactant receives protons from an acid it undergoes a conformational change, (change in shape and configuration), and becomes a reactive intermediate. The intermediate can then either become an isomer by returning a proton to the catalyst, or it may undergo a further reaction and form a completely new molecule. Up until the mid - 1960's silica-alumina gels were used to catalyse the cracking of hydrocarbons. This form of cracking is where the large molecules in oil are converted into small, highly volatile molecules. However because the size of the pores of silica-alumina gels was so variable, (ranging from 0.1nm to 50nm), and the fact that their shape was so variable, they were hardly ideal catalysts. Due to the large size of their cavities, large carbonaceous products were able to form in the cavities thus lowering the reactivity if the catalyst. Catalysis with alumina silica-gels was also difficult to control precisely because of their indefinite structure, and therefore uneven d... ...ce on the surface of the solid therefore the solvent only acts as a form of heat transfer and a working fluid. In summary I see Supported reagents as the best possible solution to the problems associated with catalysis due to their easy use and their ability to be recovered and re-used. They have a high level of activity and improved selectivity in reactions. This is accompanied by their highly catalytic activity which leads to the best possible level of performance in commercial uses. This has already been proven by the use of active reagents in Friedel - Crafts reactions. These reactions originally had the drawbacks of firstly the hydrolysed aluminium chloride containing aqueous effluent which is produced, and secondly the by-products such as polymeric tars and di- and polysubstituted by- products which are produced which unless they can be successfully removed make the product impure. By using a supported reagent catalyst, in most cases the desired level of activity can be achieved but the catalyst can be removed easily from the reaction mixture and re-used. I personally therefore feel that the future of environmentally friendly catalysis lies with supported reagent catalysts. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-77638477978770615112020-01-15T08:46:00.001-08:002020-01-15T08:46:03.949-08:00Higher LearningIn this essay I will discuss hat It Is Like to counsel the character Remy from the movie ââ¬Å"Higher Learningâ⬠(Singleton, 1995). I will give an overview of the movie and character, the presenting Issues of the character, my approach and role to counseling the character, and the characters cultural framework Influence on why I chose to Intervene to counsel him. Cultural Skills Students from different countries, races, social and culture background are forced to integrate with each other when they all enroll in Columbus university College. They all have real life issues, such as finance, harassment, personal safety, and self-doubt.However, the college campus life seems to be causing a problem for everyone evolving around the issue of racism. The students are already under pressure to perform in the classroom, on the track, or in front of their friends, are beginning to face obstacles such as prejudice, and misunderstanding of each other on many deferent levels. Remy Remy chara cter plays an important role to the flow and overall point of racism in the movie. His character is a driving force for the slow transition of how an individual can go from a cracked mental state of mind into a total broken state of mind.Remy slowly becomes alienated from his peers. Remy at the start has no identity of who he is so he's very confused and lost. Remy is taking a close look at his diverse peers, trying to find ways to be the same or similar with the hopes of becoming accepted to a social group he can be comfortable with. He comes in as an engineering major, and a son of a ââ¬Å"survivalistâ⬠father who use to abuse him. Remy throughout the movie shifts from alienated loner to a motivated Nazi skinhead. At this point Remy has given up trying to fit in until the Nazi leader Scott befriends him.They Immediately alcove him to their circle without hesitation, to which Remy says thanks and shaves his head. Remy further starts to fall Into a pit of frustration and self- hate, due to the advice given by the Nazi leader Scott who brainwashes Remy Into thinking that the world needs to be taken over by ââ¬Å"White Americaâ⬠therefore this Is where the character Remy starts to display mental disorder Like symptoms. Presenting Issues/ My Approach In the movie, Remy displayed many different emotions ranging from crying, emptiness, self-inflicting behavior and a high need to fit In.However, when he did not it in he felt hopelessness and alone so he turned towards a reckless group of people people that accepted gave him a new way of thinking. As a counselor my approach to Remy would be compared to dealing with an individual with Borderline Personality Disorder issues. According to the Journal ââ¬Å"Symptoms of borderline personality disorder predict interpersonal (but not independent) stressful life events in a community sample of older adultsâ⬠, Individuals with borderline personality disorder can often experience stressful life events at a hig her frequency than those without it.Only borderline personality pathology was related to an increase in the frequency of interpersonal stressful life events. Three specific symptoms of this disorder were connected with unstable interpersonal relationships, impulsively, and chronic feelings of emptiness (Powers, 2013). So looking at how BAD can have a direct correlation between stressful events in life and past issues, it is easy to see how Remy could be seen for this disorder. The initially start of the sessions with Remy would revolve around first breaking down the barriers of his past issues with his abusive father.But as a counselor one would have to ask does childhood abuse have a connection with Borderline Personality Disorder or their characteristics? Although childhood abuse, BAD traits, and internal and external symptoms were all correlated, the connection between childhood abuse and BAD traits stems from findings that are consistent with the widely held assumption that chil dhood abuse causes BAD, and they suggest that BAD traits show in adults as they get older ( Broadleaved, 2013).So once again as a counselor, asking Remy questions about his childhood could give him answers as to why he feels these emotions apart from dealing with the issues of not fitting in and his feelings of emptiness. Because his father was a ââ¬Å"survivalistâ⬠which focuses around the belief that eventually society will collapse through social or political disorder and only the self-sufficient will be able to survive. The skills that survivalists have are some such as wilderness survival, first aid and self-defense with either weapons or hand-to-hand combat.So seeing that his father was abusive, he could very much have desensitizing Remy with this belief that he had, which possibly dead to the abuse as his father's way of making him stronger. My reason for Intervention My reason for Intervention for Remy looking at his cultural framework, is that many children grow up in homes that are strict, have military backgrounds, violence and other matters that can damage a child even Just by witnessing or living through it. In the movie, Remy stated ââ¬Å"Were going to war man this is the opening stage of World War 3â⬠(Singleton, 1995).Remy felt that he was in a race war when in fact he's really in a war with himself and the fact that he feels that he has no purpose in the world, ex.'s lost. My intervention process would rely on getting him to focus on the point that he initially went to school as an engineer and he should finish and become what he started out to be. Getting him to realize healthy choices and advantages of getting his degree from college in engineering and the opportunities that are ahead for him that could make a huge impact in his life is the angle that would be taken.In order to help Remy, he would have to realize his self-worth instead of believing the views that his father raised him in. Remy believes at this point in what his N azi leader friend Scott as instilled in him which is ââ¬Å"White Powerâ⬠, a reality that his race has to take over to is proved to be useful with dealing with BAD. Implementing DEBT in the treatment of college students with complex issues, including suicidal ideation, severe depression, and BAD features.DEBT is a principle-based treatment that is flexible enough to apply to the severe and complicated issues increasingly seen across an individual. DEBT focuses on teaching skills such as, emotion regulation, distress and tolerance that are developmentally relevant to college students. DEBT was designed for chronically suicidal individuals which suggest that chronically suicidal students are more likely to benefit from comprehensive treatment approaches and may actually experience positive effects with very brief forms of treatment.College students with BAD traits differs from community BAD individuals, and the treatment targets of DEBT can be altered to address college students' specific clinical needs. For example, college students are less likely than community BAD individuals to engage in recurrent suicidal threats suggesting that DEBT treatment for this population may focus more on kills acquisition than stabilizing an individual (Pictorials, 2012). Conclusion In my opinion of treating Remy, this type of therapy can benefit him in many ways.In the movie he started to commit suicide in his room when he thought to himself life would be better dead. However, he did not do it which at that point I would intervene before that point and get him on track to thinking in a different mindset. In the movie Remy ended up sadly committing suicide shooting himself in the head after he shot a few students from a rooftop. The point of mental health counselors in our field is to et to the root of the issue before it gets to that point with the hope of getting the client on track to a healthy way of thinking.Remy would have been a very interesting character to counsel d ue to the fact he had childhood issues which lead to even bigger adult issues. The attitude of his father believe it or not reflected in his behavior with the ââ¬Å"survive by any means necessary mentality'. However, Remy was not strong enough mentally which Scott the Nazi leader preyed on Remy as his puppet to mold him into what he wanted him to be. As a counselor we have to member that we do not know what state a client's mind is in mentally so we have to be careful ourselves in our approach to make sure we do no further harm. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-66945176300246093882020-01-07T05:09:00.001-08:002020-01-07T05:09:03.778-08:00Charles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution - 1750 Words Charles Darwin is remembered for his theory of evolution. Much controversy surrounds Darwin s theory. Questions abound. Is evolution a four billion year old process, creating life forms primarily at random but each shaped by an ever-changing and complex environment, that has resulted in all of the wondrous life forms that surround us? Or are all of those beautiful elements of our nature, along with the vastness and majesty of the entire universe, a creation of an intellect of vast intelligence and empathy, one far greater than anyone can imagine? Questions are being asked. Did man really evolve from an ape? Or, is it that both man and ape are, along with all of the other flora and fauna, creations of a giant intellect that first perceivedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It was not a new idea with Darwin, that species developed from other species based on competitive survival within the stresses of an environment, but it was Darwin, after a lifetime of study and thought, who wrote the O rigin of the Species and presented his theoretical argument to the public. At an early age he was able to study the Galapagos Islands, a small and isolated ecosystem, and the life-forms that existed there. He had quickly realized that if evolution as a theory could exist as truth, it would be evident here. His study there was done with that in mind - and a biased study will usually produce a biased and therefore often erroneous result. His theory, then, was based almost entirely on evidence obtained by observation during a short study of a tiny island fragment of the earth that was quite young from a geological standpoint. It was a very limited study of very limited scope of the condition of life on a partially isolated set of very small islands that had existed only a very short time. Any intelligent person knows that it is dangerous to extrapolate from the specific to the general. Because one may see the moon rise shortly after sunset on a particular night, it is foolish to believ e and then try to convince everyone else in the world to also believe that it will do so at the same time every night, everywhere in the world and forever. Yet that is exactly what Darwin claimed. Darwin sShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution984 Words à |à 4 PagesCharles Robert Darwin was a British man who became one of the greatest contributors to the study of evolution. He was a naturalist who was able to develop a theory of evolution based on biological changes that he witnessed occurring in varieties of samples on his travels all around the world. Charles Darwin is valuable in science history, simply because he was the first geologists who had come the closest for closing the gap on how and why biological changes occurred. The naturalist and geologistRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution801 Words à |à 4 PagesThe theory of Evolution is one of the greatest intellectual revolutions of human history. It can drastically change our perception of the world and our place in it. Charles Darwin created a coherent theory of evolution and amassed a great body of evidence in support of this theory. During this time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and adaptation was the work of the creator. A fellow scientist Carl Linnaeus created a system of classifications that we still use today. Charles RobertRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory On Evolution Essay1074 Words à |à 5 Pagesand how did life start, along with the creation of the universe and Earth? Charles Darwinââ¬â¢s theory on evolution, which is called natural selection, is based on the idea of species naturally adapting to their surrounding environment to better the species chances for survival. Creationism, on the other hand, is the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation. Both are theories on life, and how such life came to be thing we all know. It is not the strongestRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1055 Words à |à 5 Pages Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist, he was known greater for his contributions for the evolution theory. Darwin wrote a book in 1859 it was published and became the greatest and well known book. The name of the book was ââ¬Å"On the Origin of Speciesâ⬠. In the book he wrote about his theory of evolution by natural selection, he discovered how the process of how organisms change as time goes on. Changes in traits and the organismââ¬â¢s physical behavior. Darwin believe change happensRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution951 Words à |à 4 Pagesmore vigorously than in Americaââ¬â¢s public school science classrooms. Of particular concern for school administrators and the educators whom they supervise, are the repeated efforts of Christian fundamentalists to replace the teaching of Charles Darwinââ¬â¢s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection with Biblical Creationism. During the past ninety years, many legal cases have further defined the bo undary of that wall of separation. In response, the methods employed by the proponents of Biblical CreationismRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1737 Words à |à 7 PagesThe theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and of our place in it. Charles Darwin put forth a coherent theory of evolution and amassed a great body of evidence in support of this theory. In Darwin s time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator. Linneaus established the system of biological classification that we use today, and did so in the spiritRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1957 Words à |à 8 Pagesdiscusses the theory of evolution in detail. Topics this paper will address include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as well as highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the theory and e xamining how effective the theory is in todayââ¬â¢s world. I. Description of the theory The theory of evolution sets forth an explanation of how all of the living species on Earth came to be. The theory as we know it today, written by Charles Darwin, states thatRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution2319 Words à |à 10 PagesCharles Darwin is commonly known for writing On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Based on his findings, Darwin concluded to ââ¬Å"the theory of evolution, [by which] is the process of which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable or behavioral traitsâ⬠(Than, 2015). Certain changes that occurred in the organism sââ¬â¢ environment allowed it to evolve, survive, and produce offspring with those developed traits. He recorded his findings while aboard the second voyage of H.M.SRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution Essay2312 Words à |à 10 Pages Darwin and his Followers Charles Darwin is one of the most well known names in the United States for good reason. His theory of evolution through natural selection was not only revolutionary in the scientific world, but were also applied to society by some of his followers in this country. Some of these applications were beneficial to society while others simply allowed people to use his teachings for their own goals. While not apparent at first, Darwin does believe in a meaning in life similarRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Survival of the fittestâ⬠is one of the greatest concepts discussed by Charles Darwin (who is known as the father of evolution) and which has also affected many species throughout the world over the years, including us! As presented in his theory of evolution, Charles Darwin explains how those with advantageous traits will be able to better survive than their fellow counterparts. In other words, organisms with traits best suited for their environment will have higher chances of surviving than those carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-25148452318527655462019-12-30T01:35:00.001-08:002019-12-30T01:35:02.851-08:00The Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia - 761 Words The Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia An incredibly controversial issue clouds the minds of millions of people everyday as death confronts them. The problem revolves around the ethics of euthanasia. Should medical assisted suicide be outlawed in all situations or under certain circumstances, could it be considered ethical? Do humans violate natureââ¬â¢s course with science and advanced technology by playing God? Why should doctors and families witness their loved ones suffer when the solution of euthanasia promises a painless death? Authors Andrea E. Richardson and David Miller of the articles ââ¬Å"Death with Dignity: The Ultimate Human Rightâ⬠and ââ¬Å"From Life to Death in a Peaceful Instantâ⬠reflect upon their experiences and feelingsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Current medical treatment remains unnecessary for many patients and may sometimes be detrimental to their quality of life. ââ¬Å"At this point of time, extraordinary covers treatments such as ventilators, high risk surgery with lo w chance of success, feeding tubes, and multiple organ transplantsâ⬠(Richardson, 43). When one considers this, one must wonder about the necessity of such procedures. People choosing their fate has been demonstrated through the terrible tragedy of September 11. Richardson goes on to discuss how the people trapped inside the buildings chose how they wanted to die. They either stayed in the burning building or jumped out the window, refusing to let the terrorists win. Why canââ¬â¢t the terminally ill choose their fate and die with dignity like some of the victims of 9/11? ââ¬Å"Saving the patient shouldnââ¬â¢t be the sole measure of a physicianââ¬â¢s successâ⬠(Richardson, 43). Patients desires and feelings should be respected and not overlooked. David Miller in ââ¬Å"From Life to Death in a Peaceful Instantâ⬠speaks about the hardships and trauma that his grandmother experienced after being diagnosed with emphysema. The disease contributed to her inability to use her neck muscles, to breath, and to speak. Miller doubts the doctorsââ¬â¢ judgment in keeping such a person, whoââ¬â¢s both suffering and serving no purpose to the world, alive. Miller argues theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay1638 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Ethical Dilemmas of Euthanasia in Canada with the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide This systematic analysis of the professional literature will explore the ethical dilemmas that Canadian medical professionals face while considering euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, the latter of which was made legal in Canada on June 17, 2016 (Chochinov and Frazee, 2016). This paper will discusses the conflicts that healthcare professionals are faced with when looking at the quality of lifeRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1085 Words à |à 5 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Euthanasia is most commonly known when used to put down an animal. What about using euthanasia on humans that wish to end their life due to medical reasons? According to Merriam-Websterââ¬â¢s online Dictionary, euthanasia is ââ¬Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercyâ⬠(n.d.). This practice is also known as assisted suicide. InRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1493 Words à |à 6 PagesEthical Dilemma: Euthanasia Euthanasia has always been a common topic especially a debatable one talking about allowing patients who are suffering from any incurable disease or condition or even in an irreversible coma to choose to end their live on their own terms painlessly. The following will discuss a specific case and analyzed using the Christian worldview. Since the moral debate of euthanasia is such a topic of controversy, potential solutions towards the issue, and how such solutions can beRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Essay1515 Words à |à 7 Pagesto put many peoples situations into context when it comes to the debate of euthanasia or assisted suicide. The ethical dilemma in this case is that of Lecretia Seales request to die of assisted suicide in 2015. This deals with a current issue not only as Sealesââ¬â¢ appeal to the New Zealand high courts for law change in relation to criminal law declarations which was placed last year but also as the debate on whether euthanasia should be legal in New Zealand, which has been thrown back and forth in parliamentRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Essay1905 Words à |à 8 Pagessuffering and extreme pain her patients endure on the daily. In this paper we will discuss the ethical dilemma of euthanasia and how it affects the nursing profession, along with the moral issues pertaining to the dilemma. What is the Ethical Dilemma? (Tirsit) Before passing moral judgment on this issue it is imperative that the true definition of euthanasia is stated to shine clarity on the matter. Euthanasia is formally defined as the administration of drugs to a patient with the precise intentionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1136 Words à |à 5 PagesAssignment: Ethical Dilemmas The world is a place full of black and white along with so much gray. Many people who have heated debates usually have them on topics related to ethical dilemmas that range from abortion to politics to religion. No one ever agrees on everything all of the time which can leave a lot of issues unresolved or ignored. Most of the time a person and their worldview determines what they consider is an ethical choice. This paper will cover the ethical dilemma of euthanasia and howRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1764 Words à |à 8 PagesBenchmark ââ¬â Ethical Dilemmas The issue of euthanasia is a dispute that has been around since the late 1800ââ¬â¢s (Dowbiggin,2003). The act of euthanasia or mercy killing is a debated ethical dilemma that some believe to be morally wrong. While circumstances can differentiate a personââ¬â¢s justification, there is always another perspective to consider where euthanasia is involved. In my paper I will dive into Case Study 2, which deals with the discussion of euthanasia according to the Christian worldviewRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay2007 Words à |à 9 Pagesthe literature currently available on the ethical dilemmas of euthanasia and PAS that have arisen in Canada since its legalization. This Literature Review is organized into six sub-categories: (1) the law (2) medical issues (3) patient capacity and autonomy (4) expenditures: palliative care vs. assisted suicide (5) family (6) ethics. This review will offer a foundational understanding of the practices of euthanasia and PAS and defi ning the various dilemmas that have arisen for medical professionalsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Voluntary Euthanasia1125 Words à |à 5 Pagesto consider the serious ethical dilemma of voluntary euthanasia. Is euthanasia murder or a justifiable suicide? Our approach and opinions to this sensitive ethical dilemma is sharply contrasted based in our convictions and ethics derived from our own personal worldview. I will evaluate and examine euthanasiaââ¬â¢s ethical dilemma according to my Christian worldview and compare the moral rules, right or wrong, that many believe, allowing man to suffer is immoral. Ethical Dilemma Joni is a young adult whoRead MoreEuthanasia: An Ethical Dilemma Essay1810 Words à |à 8 PagesThe ethical debate regarding euthanasia dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. It was the Hippocratic School (c. 400B.C.) that eliminated the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises many ethical dilemmas ââ¬â such as, is it ethical for a doctor to assist a terminally ill patient in ending his life? Under what circumstances, if any, is euthanasia considered ethically appropriate for a doctor? More so, euthanasia raises the argument of the different carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-82537073711213316772019-12-21T21:20:00.001-08:002019-12-21T21:20:04.928-08:00Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway - 893 Words Ernest Hemingway was a prolific writer. His short story, ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠shows the tense situation between a man and a woman on vacation. Hemingway chooses to be vague in many ways. He never gives real names to his characters, nor explicitly states where they are besides hinting that they are in Spain. Additionally, he leaves it entirely to the reader to discover what the couple is discussing. By only providing information to the reader through only the dialogue of the two central characters, he creates a unique --and often advised against -- way of telling a story that engages his audience by challenging them to discover what he means. Hemingwayââ¬â¢s story relies primarily on dialogue. During the three page story, there are really only four sections that only provide description -- not counting small details like ââ¬Å"he saidâ⬠or ââ¬Å"she saidâ⬠or one sentence paragraphs like ââ¬Å"The girl did not say anythingâ⬠(Page 2). It is int eresting that he chose to do this when considering it artistically. Descriptions of the characters, of the environment, of the objects people interact with are often major points of the story that reveal something to the reader. If nothing else, these descriptions fill out the story and make the world in which it is occurring feel real. Hemingwayââ¬â¢s choice to use only dialogue shows the reader that they need to pay close attention to what the characterââ¬â¢s are saying. The story lies in their words, not in the movements they make or how theShow MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway580 Words à |à 2 PagesE.B. White once said, ââ¬Å"Theres no limit to how complicated things can get, on account of one thing always leading to another.â⬠This quotation means that nobody ever knows how complicated things are going to get, and on top of that they can get worse. One can agree with this statement because in life you can go through unexpected situations that really affect your life in a negative way, and in life things might get worse. Both Soldiers home by Ernest Hemingway and Hills like white elephants by ErnestRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway886 Words à |à 4 Pagesreader could put themselves into. Whether they choose to partake in a wayward journey full of adventure or the daily life of a human being with morals; a storyââ¬â¢s aspect influences those thoughts with a deeper understanding. In Ernest Hemingwayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephants,â⬠it follows an American man and girl at a resting point during their travels. They arrived by train, stopping between Barcelona and Madrid. While there, they patiently waited for the next train at a bar inside of the station.Read More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway939 Words à |à 4 PagesThe short story ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠written by Ernest Hemingway, is an intriguing literary work that foretells th e story of a man and a woman waiting for a train, whilst discussing their feelings and emotions towards the surgical operation that is about to occur on the woman. Although the story was originally written in August 1927, the piece was later published in Hemingwayââ¬â¢s short story collection ââ¬ËMen Without Womenââ¬â¢. The text includes a wide variety of literary terms and has various criticalRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway990 Words à |à 4 Pages Another relationship coming to an endâ⬠¦ Throughout the story ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠written in 1927 by Ernest Hemingway, he used the train station setting, the desired operation, and obviously the relationship between the American and the girl to symbolize a crumbling relationship and unwanted gift between them. The American and the girl find themselves wound up in a rough, unplanned situation that they are trying to fix. Many bread crumbs are dropped throughout the story to symbolize a collapsingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words à |à 6 PagesErnest Hemingwayââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingwayââ¬â¢s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narratorââ¬â¢s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway1750 Words à |à 7 PagesErnest Hemingwayââ¬â¢s stories are known for their ever interpreting meanings behind them, and ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠does not trail from the rest due to the never mentioned word ââ¬Ëabortionââ¬â¢. ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephants,â⬠written by Ernest Hemingway, takes place around World War 1 in Spain, at a train station (Hills Like White Elephants. 4). An American man and a girl have been discussing the girlââ¬â¢s unspecific operation. It is apparent that the girl is perturbed about this operation, while theRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1037 Words à |à 5 PagesOlivia Sellers English 102 Scheck February 10, 2016 ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingwayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠can be puzzling and hard to decipher. Due to this, a number of conclusions can be drawn away from the text. The dialog between characters leaves a number of questions unanswered and leaves the reader confused about the conversation as a whole. Many things are left unsaid and not explained in the story, with that being the case, the reader must takeRead More`` Hills Like White Elephant `` By Ernest Hemingway865 Words à |à 4 Pagesbefore it begins, or as easily getting rid of problem before it even became one. In the short story ââ¬Å"Hills like White Elephantâ⬠, the compensation of abortion can easily be seen between Jig and her American loverââ¬â¢s decision whether to keep the innocentââ¬â¢s life or not. Ernest Hemingway uses the fiction element plot, symbolism, and setting to illustrate the theme of abortion in ââ¬Å"Hills like White Elephants.â⬠Abortion has been viewed as a crucial struggle between couples. Many view this situation as endingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1432 Words à |à 6 Pagesunderstood behaviors. Ernest Hemingway weaves both of these stereotypes into his short story ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephants.â⬠The storyââ¬â¢s plot revolves around a couple arguing about whether or not to have an abortion. In Hemingwayââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephantsâ⬠a theme of male domination can be found, but by examining the dialogue closely, a theme of females asserting their will and manipulating emerges as well. Male domination is the primary and most obvious theme in ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephants.â⬠During theRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, By Ernest Hemingway1673 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephants,â⬠by Ernest Hemingway: The Morality Within the Operation Ernest Hemingway created the iceberg theory, by which he expects the reader to know a great deal of information from the little he expresses in his work. This style is evident in his short story, ââ¬Å"Hills Like White Elephants,â⬠because the information the reader must obtain is hidden underneath the surface. This writing style often confuses the reader, but when the short story is read multiple times, the reader can carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-16563951946003298452019-12-13T17:51:00.001-08:002019-12-13T17:51:04.331-08:00Crime and Punishment Dreams Free Essays Sometimes a dream is much more than simply a dream. Sigmund Freud explains a dreamââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëlatent contentââ¬â¢ is heavily derived from the ââ¬Ëmanifestââ¬â¢ dream-thoughts. The manifest being what is evident in the dream, and the latent being the underlying meaning of the dream. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Punishment Dreams or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Raskolnikovââ¬â¢s dream, the manifest is that he is a seven year old boy who is fond of horses. He sees a horse being tortured and beat, bringing amusement to the townspeople, as he walks with his father. As the horse dies, he goes to hug the beast and kisses it. When Raskolnikov awakens, he renounces that ââ¬Å"accursed dream of [his]â⬠and wonders if he can actually ââ¬Å"take an axe [and] split her skull open,â⬠referring to the pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna. The latent content to Raskolnikovââ¬â¢s dream highlights his dual personality. Similar to the instance of the drunken girl, Raskolnikov evinces his emotional and compassionate side by showing his love for horses as he runs to it when it is killed. At the same time, his rational and abstract views are also described as he thinks about committing the crime and believes he has every right to do so. It is not evident who Raskolnikov clearly is in the dream. He is a representation of the horse, the boy himself, or even the gruesome murderer of the horse, Mikolka. He represents the horse because he thinks of himself as a victim in a terrible life, the boy because he can be lovingà and have emotions and Mikolka because of his thoughts and plans to kill Alyona. Even though his dream is very blatant in its story, the overall meaning of it signifies something much more than just a flashback. How to cite Crime and Punishment Dreams, Essay examples carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-16997050521703791092019-12-05T14:11:00.001-08:002019-12-05T14:11:04.842-08:00Introduction to Management Australian Biotechnology Company Question: Describe about Introduction to Management for Australian Biotechnology Company. Answer: Introduction CSL Limited, an Australian biotechnology company meant to develop and deliver innovative biotherapies to save lives (Csl.com.au, 2016). The products such as blood plasma, serum, vaccine, anti-venom and other medical products help in treating or preventing serious human medical conditions (Csl.com.au, 2016). Macquarie Group Limited is global investment banking, funds management and has other financial services group in Australia. It is one of the largest investment banks and offers high profit margins to its shareholders (Macquarie.com, 2016). The SMART goal framed for both the organization is to increase customer base by 15% through efficient products and services within a year (O'Neill, 2011). Organizational Mission CSL operates in over 30 countries with over 16,000 employees (Csl.com.au, 2016). CSL is committed to save and improve the lives of people with rare and serious conditions. The organization serves the core purpose of investing in Research development is constant since years as it aims to identify, develop and commercialize new bio therapeutic products (Csl.com.au, 2016). In contrast, Macquarie commits itself in providing long-term profitability and creating sustainable value for its shareholders. The organization has over 14,000 employees in 28 countries (Macquarie.com, 2016). The company aims to meet its stakeholders expectations while pursuing opportunities and maintaining a strong risk management framework (Macquarie.com, 2016). It is interpreted that both the organizations focus on the sustainability and securing the customers as they are the most critical part of any organization (O'Neill, 2011). Values of the Organization There are thousands of employees working across the globe and the organization believes in a set of values for working across the organization (Csl.com.au, 2016). The set of values also help the organizations and its diverse business areas in making decisions. The set of values were set out as common values in the year 2002 for the diverse business units (Csl.com.au, 2016). Firstly, they have customer focus as the company is passionate about meeting the needs of its customers. Customers are the central focus of any organization. Secondly, the company focuses on innovation and they continuously believe in striving to find new way of doing things. Thirdly, they believe in integrity and run ethical practices in their organization. Fourthly, CSL believe in collaboration and works together as a team to achieve better results. Lastly, CSL believes in superior performance and strives to be the best at what they do (Csl.com.au, 2016). The values of the organization help in attaining the Achi evable or Attainable aspect of the determined SMART goal. The goal of increasing customer base can be achieved using these values of the organization (O'Neill, 2011). Macquarie is a global provider of financial services with thousands of employees across the world (Macquarie.com.au, 2016). In contrast with CSL, the quest for improvement of Macquarie is never ending. CSL focused on five principles while Macquaries organizational culture rests upon six principles (Macquarie.com.au, 2016). The values of Macquarie are integrity, client commitment, fulfilment of the people, delivering highest standards, teamwork and strive for profitability (Macquarie.com.au, 2016). These values are considered critical for growth and prosperity. The values such as teamwork, integrity, client commitment, and delivering highest standards are similar to CSL. Additionally, Macquarie focuses on greater profitability and fulfilment of its people as it is values (Macquarie.com.au, 2016). The organization can attain its SMART goals of expanding customer base by focusing on the organizational values (O'Neill, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility/ Sustainability CSL commits itself for providing best practices and is governed by a global Steering Committee. The primary purpose of the Steering Committee is to drive awareness and make continuous improvements for aligning with the organizational goals and operational priorities. CSL makes significant investment in the functional areas such as Research Development (Csl.com.au, 2014). The RD process helps in expanding product and service portfolio that can significantly increase customer base. The organization also maintains safety and quality of the therapies (Csl.com.au, 2014). Since the main purpose of the organization is to serve its customers, maintaining quality helps in retaining existing and attracts potential customers (Csl.com.au, 2014). CSL puts emphasis on operating responsibly as it provides direct values to the employees. It also provides a positive work environment for the employees to work in. This is a core sustainability strategy followed by the company (Csl.com.au, 2014). It ma intains diversity and balance in the workforce for achieving goals of zero fatalities, zero fines and zero safety violations (Csl.com.au, 2014). CSL also contributes US$32.8 million for supporting communities across the world (Csl.com.au, 2014). The company has donated emergency products to Red Cross agencies for relief support. Additionally, the company minimizes its environmental impact by reducing energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, water consumption, waste generation and enhancing environmental sustainability (Csl.com.au, 2014). Similar to CSL, Macquarie puts significant efforts for environmental, social and economic responsibility as a part of corporate social responsibility. It follows the approach for managing environmental and social risk by complying with the International Finance Corporation Performance Standards (Macquarie.com, 2016). For its employees, Macquarie makes full use of the opportunities for the clients, shareholder and the people. The company operates globally and has a dynamic workforce which is fundamental to their success (Macquarie.com, 2016). The organization focuses on attracting, developing, engaging and retaining talented individuals. They also provide employees with the opportunities with career development and provides safe and healthy environment for them to work (Macquarie.com, 2016). The company promotes sustainable investments across the globe. Not only for the employees, Macquarie focuses on environmental impacts just like CSL. They seek to manage waste, maintain carbon neut rality, improves supply chain practices, water management and reducing energy consumption across global operations (Macquarie.com, 2016). These factors contribute in achieving SMART goals as these efforts leave a positive footprint in the minds of customers. The efforts enhance reputation and credibility that helps the customers and investors in having a positive mindset (Hunnicutt, 2012). Stakeholders Stakeholders are the people or bodies who are affected by the organization actions, policies or objectives (Louche and Hebb, 2014). Every organization comprises of internal and external stakeholders (Husted and Allen, 2011). For CSL, the stakeholders are given as follows: Employees- The employees are an integral part of CSL as they have taken the organization to this level. Their research and efforts are making the organization prosper and address the needs of the customers (Csl.com.au, 2014). Customers- The central focus of any business is its customers. They need to be confident that the products and supplies by CSL is done with highest integrity at all time. Both donors and patients are its customers and are taken care of by the company (Csl.com.au, 2014). Suppliers- The suppliers of the organization are the blood donors and plasma donors. It is necessary for the organization to ensure health and safety of the donors and their blood and plasma. CSL needs to ensure that the donation made by them is safe both for the organization as well as the donors well being (Csl.com.au, 2014). Distributors- The Company has distribution centres through which it distributes collected plasma. They also distribute in-licensed vaccine that is critical as the distribution needs to be pure and safe (Csl.com.au, 2014). License Partners- The biotherapies and market vaccines require licenses before it is sold in the market. The license partners are affected by the operations of the business and affect the operations of organization (Csl.com.au, 2014). Similarly, Macquarie has certain stakeholders who are affected by its operations and objectives given as follows: Shareholders and Investors- The shareholders are the customers of the company and Macquarie keeps open lines of communication with them. They ensure maximum engagement through domestic and international seminars, conference and roadshows (Static.macquarie.com, 2016). Macquarie provides a direct avenue for maximum engagement and providing access to information (Static.macquarie.com, 2016). Employees- In contrast with CSL, Macquarie also engages with its employees and values their feedback. The employees are regularly encouraged and motivated through annual performance appraisal. The organization runs a holistic staff wellbeing program, Macquarie Plus that provides non-financial benefits to its employees and helps in psychological development (Static.macquarie.com, 2016). Government and Regulators- Macquarie makes direct submission through various government review bodies, regulatory agencies, public officials and officers. The company supports vibrant democracies and contributes its services on policy related matters (Static.macquarie.com, 2016). Community- The Macquarie Group Foundation is responsible for providing financial and pro bono support to programs and community organizations. Just like CSL, the Foundation provides financial support to charities across the world. The company encourages innovative thinking. A dedicates space called Bulb is used for social innovation (Static.macquarie.com, 2016). Not just this, Macquarie also funds the cancer patients from curling treatment. They also support students in Hong Kong through skills sharing (Macquarie.com, 2016). Suppliers- The company has a dedicated vendor management office to deliver the programme and improving insight of strategic suppliers. There company tracks contract performance, delivers value, develops new ideas and conducts supplier meetings (Static.macquarie.com, 2016). Both the organizations, CSL and Macquarie consider stakeholder engagement as a foundation of corporate responsibility. The stakeholders for both companies cover several activities (Das Gupta, 2013). The organizations actively collaborate and support its stakeholders. The stakeholder engagement shall help in attaining the SMART objective of the company as it shall enhance the credibility (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). With greater stakeholder engagement, the organization shall be praised for sustainable business practices. With efficient business practices, the customers shall witness the companys efforts and thereby willing to make purchase from the company (O'Neill, 2011). Conclusion Conclusively, both the organizations can increase customer base by 15% through efficient products and services within a year. The business operations and processes are established globally. It is interpreted that both the organizations focus on the sustainability and securing the customers as they are the most critical part of any organization. The organization can attain its SMART goals of expanding customer base by focusing on the organizational values such as teamwork, integrity, client commitment and more. The efforts for CSR enhance reputation and credibility that helps the customers and investors in having a positive mindset towards the organization. With efficient business practices, the customers shall witness the companys efforts and thereby willing to make purchase from the company. CSL and Macquarie consider stakeholder engagement as a foundation of corporate responsibility. Therefore, the customer base can be expanded as the stakeholder engagement is positive and there ar e significant efforts for maintaining sustainability. References Coombs, W. and Holladay, S., 2012.Managing corporate social responsibility. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Csl.com.au, 2014.CSL Limited. Our Corporate Responsibility. [online] Australia. Available at: https://www.csl.com.au/docs/865/549/OurCorporateResponsibility_2014FINAL,0.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Csl.com.au, 2016.CSL Ltd is a leader in plasma protein biotherapeutics. [online] Csl.com.au. Available at: https://www.csl.com.au/about [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Csl.com.au, 2016.Stakeholder Engagement. [online] Csl.com.au. Available at: https://www.csl.com.au/corporate-responsibility/stakeholder-engagement.htm [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Csl.com.au, 2016.The values and ethics of CSL Limited. [online] Csl.com.au. Available at: https://www.csl.com.au/about/values-ethics.htm [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Das Gupta, A., 2013.Ethics, business and society. Los Angeles: Response Books. Hunnicutt, S., 2012.Corporate social responsibility. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Husted, B. and Allen, D., 2011.Corporate social strategy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Louche, C. and Hebb, T., 2014.Socially responsible investment in the 21st century. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Macquarie.com, 2016.Community | Macquarie Group. [online] Macquarie.com. Available at: https://www.macquarie.com/in/about/community [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Macquarie.com, 2016.Company profile | Macquarie Group. [online] Macquarie.com. Available at: https://www.macquarie.com/in/about/company [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Macquarie.com, 2016.Environmental, Social Governance | Macquarie Group. [online] Macquarie.com. Available at: https://www.macquarie.com/au/about/company/environmental-social-governance-esg [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Macquarie.com, 2016.Leadership and corporate governance | Macquarie Group. [online] Macquarie.com. Available at: https://www.macquarie.com/au/about/company/leadership-corporate-governance [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Macquarie.com.au, 2016.What we stand for - Macquarie Group. [online] Macquarie.com.au. Available at: https://www.macquarie.com.au/mgl/au/about-macquarie-group/profile/what-we-stand-for/ [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. O'Neill, J., 2011.The Power of SMART goals. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree. Static.macquarie.com, 2016.Stakeholder engagement. Engaging stakeholders. [online] Australia. Available at: https://static.macquarie.com/dafiles/Internet/mgl/global/shared/about/company-profile/esg/stakeholder-engagement.pdf?v=7 [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-28382279392746493112019-11-28T15:46:00.001-08:002019-11-28T15:46:03.327-08:00James Watt Essay ExampleJames Watt Essay James Watt is one of the most acclaimed personalities in physics. His work became a helpful contribution during the Industrial Revolution, which later became the bedrock of innovation in machineries.He is popularly accredited for his invention of the steam engine. In fact he modified the engine ofà Thomas Newcomen to the extent that it became a practical, efficient machine capable of application to a variety of industrial tasks.Watts engine focused on the conversion of heat to mechanical work. It helped improve the understanding on the efficiency of heat engines which led to the development of the field of physics called thermodynamics.(http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/James_Watt)James Watt was born in Greenock, Scotland on January 19, 1736 to a chandler and joiner. Throughout his life he suffered serious attacks of migraines and toothaches,and at school both his peers and teachers took a poor view of this weakness. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000) He was a thin and weakly child. A t grammar school, he fell in love with mathematics, but the recurrent attacks of migraine led him to stop going to school, so he devoted his time working in his fathers workshop instead. Watt felt happy with working in his fathers workshop so much that he did not go back to school.Watt learned carpentry from his father. His father primarily worked in shipbuilding and he taught Watt on how to build ships and crafts. Soon, Watt developed great skill in ship navigation, quadrants, telescopes, and compasses, and by his mid-teens he wanted to become an instrument maker. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)His father was supportive of him. Unfortunately, there was no opportunity for Watt to train in making instruments in Greenock because there were no instrument-makers there, so on advice, Watt went to Glasgow, Scotland in 1754, in an attempt to become an apprentice in instrument making. In Glasgow,à he worked with an optician and worked as an odd-job man for a year. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)In Glasgow , Watt became acquainted with a scientist named Robert Dick. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Robert Dick, a university scientist, was impressed with Watts basic skills and knowledge in instrument making that he advised Watt to furtherà hone his skills in this trade in London.In London, Watt discovered that he could not get an apprenticeship becauseà the instrument makers protected their trade by rules of a body known as the Worshipful Company of Clock-makers. The only employment was for fully-trained instrument makers or trainees serving seven-year apprenticeships. Eventually, he was able to secure a position through unusual conditions. John Morgan, an instrument maker in London, set aside the rules andà took him in to be his apprentice on the condition that Watt would be given only a meager salary. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)With John Morgan, Watt learned the skills of instrument-making. John Morgan wasà impressed with Wa tt that he agreed to shorten the period of apprenticeship from the required period of seven-years to a period of one year. Watt took the offer in 1755. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Watt worked with vigor and passion. He was so devoted with his goal to be an instument-maker that he spent much of his time working and learning the art of instrument-making. During the period of his apprenticeship with John Morgan, Watt was able to surpass the skills of the official apprentice who was already working there for two years. He was so dedicated with his job that he worked 10 hours a day. After hours, he worked for a small amount of cash because the wage he received as an apprentice was not enough.(Porter, Ogilve, 2000)Watts health deteriorated because he spent long hours working with only a small amount of food. During this time, Britain was at war with France, and the military would force into service any able-bodied men. Watt avoided the streets for this reason and this contributed to the further deterioration of his health. Yet he persevered and was able to finish his apprenticeship until illness forced him to return to Greenock in 1756. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)After recovery, he set up a business as an instrument maker in Glasgow, but found that the other instrument makers shunned his credentials and training. However, the university professors recognized his abilities and encouraged him to work in the university. They agreed for Watt to set up a shop within its grounds and they created the position, ââ¬Å"Mathematical Instrument Maker to the University. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1757, he worked in Glasgow University where he proudly described himself as ââ¬Å"Instrument Maker to Glasgow University. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)It was in this period that he developed the steam engine.During the Industrial Revolution in the years 1760 to 1830,à the economy of most part of Europe chan ged and the progress of developing technology accelerated. Technology was at the core of everything. The period was overflowing with engineers, mechanics, millwrights, and dexterous and imaginative tinkers who spent their time and energy designing better pumps, pulleys, pendulums, and other simple machines. It was at this time that the most famous invention during the Industrial Revolution was invented: the steam engine. (http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/James_Watt)The first steam engine prototype wasà built by a Frenchman named Denis Papin, but the first useful atmospheric steam engine was built in 1712 by a Cornish mechanic named Thomas Newcomen. Newcomens invention was used in Britain for almost half a century. The machine, however, was noisy and it used too much fuel. (www.us.oup.com/us/pdf/economic.history/industrial.pdf)One day in 1763, Professor John Anderson, a professor in the university, approached James Watt and showed him a lab-scale model of the Newcomen pum p to investigate why the model required so much steam. The model would stall after a few pumps. The machine proved to be temperamental and difficult to operate without air entering the cylinder and destroying the vacuum. He required Watt to repair the engine. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Watt set on to investigate the problem. He discovered that the flaw was due to an undersized boiler that could not provide enough steam to reheat the cylinder after a few strokes. Aside from that, the Newcomen engine was inefficient, slow, and too costly. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)The Newcomen pumps required such vast quantities of steam since they were cooled during every stroke, then reheated. The steam in the cylinder was condensed by a jet of water, thus creating a vacuum that, in turn, was filled during the power stroke by the atmosphere pressing the piston to the bottom of the cylinder. On each stroke the cylinder was heated by the steam and cooled by the injected water, t hus absorbing a tremendous amount of heat. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)Watt needed a way to condense the steam without cooling the cylinder. The idea did not come to him overnight, it took him months to arrange his plans and to experiment. However, it was during one of his Sunday afternoon walks when the inspiration got to him. Watt later described the moment of inspiration:I had gone to take a walk on a fine Sabbath afternoon, early in 1765. I had entered the green by the gate at the foot of Charlotte Street and had passed the old washing-house. I was thinking upon the engine at the time, and had gone as far as the herds house, when the idea came into my mind that as steam was an elastic body it would rush into a vacuum, and if a communication were made between the cylinder and an exhausted vessel it would rush into it, and might be there condensed without cooling the cylinder. I then saw that I must get rid of the condensed steam and injection-water if I used a jet as in Newcomens engin e. Two ways of doing this occurred to me. First, the water might be run off by a descending pipe, if an offlet could be got at the depth of thirty-five or thirty-six feet, and any air might be extracted by a small pump. The second was to make the pump large enough to extract both water and air. . . . I had not walked farther than the golf-house when the whole thing was arranged in my mind.à (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Watt was able to solve the problem of the Newcomen engine. He made a separate condenser, with this, he could keep the cylinder hot, and the condenser fairly cold by lagging, thus improving the thermal efficiency of the machine and the economics of its operation. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)He introduced a number of famous improvements to the steam engine until he was able to effectively make a different model, such as a separate condenser, the principle of double-acting expansion, improved gears, and regulators. Watt turned steam power from an at mospheric pump to a true steam engine. (www.us.oup.com/us/pdf/economic.history/industrial.pdf)Watts University friends introduced him to John Roebuck, an industrialist who held leases on coal deposits. Roebuck agreed to back the development of a full-scale engine after he saw the model work. He would finance the development of the engine. Watt developed a full-scale model which Roebuck used in his coal mine. However, the progress in developing the engine was slow because Roebuck did not employ machinists who were competent enough to do the job. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1767, Watt traveled to England to acquire a patent for his engine with his Roebuck. The patent was granted in 1769. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)On his way to Scotland, he met Matthew Boulton. Boulton was a major manufacturer in Birmingham and had the financial capacity to exploit Watts engine. Eventually, Boulton was able to buy out Roebuck and he began manufac turing the engine.à Meanwhile, Watt moved to Birmingham and made his living as a canal surveyor from 1767 and 1774. Although he was successful at this, his health suffered, and so he joined Boulton in his shop. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)From 1775, Boulton and Watt formed a partnership. Boulton manufactured Watts enginesà at the Soho Foundry, near Birmingham. Boulton hired highly skilled craftsmen who helped them develop the engine. They called the engine, Boulton-Watt engine.(http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)The engine was then used in mines. The Boulton-Watt engines became a success. Pumps were installed in mines and Watt became busy maintaining business at Cornwall mines.(http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Over the next several years, Watt introduced further improvements on the design until it became more efficient than its predecessor.He developed a double acting engine. At age 45, Watt developed his next great invention.à The invention was the sun and planet gear system. By means of a mechanical linkage known as the parallel motion and an extra set of valves, the engine was made to drive on both the forward and the background strokes of the piston, and the sun and planet gear system permitted the rotative wheel to turn more than once per stroke of the piston This engine was quickly used by cotton and wooden mills. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)He was able to acquire the patents of the double-acting engine and the sun and planet gear system in 1781 and 1782. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)Between 1775 and 1790, Watt made other inventions. He invented an automatic centrifugal governor, which cut off the steam when the engine began to work too quickly and turned it on again when it had slowed sufficiently. He also devised the steam indicator which shows the steam pressure and degree of vacuum within a cylinder. He also invented a way of copying letters and drawings. (htt p://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1782 a sawmill ordered an engine that was to replace 12 horses. In determining the price of his steam engines, Watt rated his engines in horsepower. After many experiments, he concluded that a horsepower was equivalent to 15,000kg/33,000 lb raised through 0.3m/ft each minute. This method of describing the capability of the engine continued until recent years. (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html)In 1785, Watt was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. During the last decade of the 18th century, the active management of the Soho Works was taken over by Boulton and Watts sons, and in 1800, when the patent rights to the engine expired, Watt retired from the business but he continued designing and constructing copying machines. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000)Watt died on August 25, 1819 at the age of 83, leaving the legacy of highly useful machines. His original steam engine of 1765 is now in the Science Musem in London. His n ame has become immortalized as the unit of power; a watt is one joule per second, and one horsepower is equivalent to about 746 watts. (Porter, Ogilve, 2000) carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-12584677813427945932019-11-24T23:21:00.001-08:002019-11-24T23:21:02.861-08:00World History EssaysWorld History Essays World History Paper World History Paper AP World History Reading Guide Ch 20 The Muslim Empires 1) Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern Islamic empires? * Ottoman * Abbasid * Gujarat * Mughal * Safavid 2) How were the three Muslim early modern empires similar? 3) What were the differences between the various Muslim early modern empires? 4) Prior to the Mongol invasions of their empire, the Abbasid dynasty was dominated by what group? 5) The original base of the Ottoman Turks was where? 6) Following the Timurid invasions, the Ottoman Empire was restored under what leader? ) The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in what year? 8) Describe Ottoman naval. 9) Who were the Janissaries? 10) What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the Ottoman Empire? 11) The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was theâ⬠¦? 12) What was the principle of succession within the Ottoman Empire? 13) One of the most beautiful of the Ottoman mosques o f Constantinople was the? 14) What did the Ottomans do to Constantinople following its fall in 1453? 15) In what way were the artisans of Constantinople similar to their counterparts in the West? 6) What was the chosen language of the Ottoman court? 17) How did the Ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families? 18) What were the causes for the decline of the Ottoman Empire? 19) On the sea, the Ottoman galleys were eclipsed by Western naval power as early as? 20) What European nation first threatened the Ottoman monopoly of trade with East Africa and India? 21) What were the results of the Ottoman loss of monopoly over the Indian trade? 22) Which group represented such extreme conservatism within the Ottoman Empire that reform was frustrated? 3) What were the differences between the declines of the Abbasids and the Ottomans? 24) What were the differences between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids? 25) The center of the Safavid Empire was the modern-day state of? 26) The Safavid dynasty had its origins in the fourteenth century in a family devoted to what variant of Islam? 27) In what year was the first Safavid declared Shah? 28) Followers of the Safavids followers were called? 29) The first Safavid Shah was? 30) Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so important? 31) The Safavid Empire reached its greatest extent under Shahâ⬠¦? 2) What was the status of the Turkic chiefs under the Safavid Shahs? 33) After Chaldiran, the official language of the Safavid Empire became? 34) The capital of the Safavid Empire under Abbas the Great was? 35) How did the Safavids economy compare to that of the Ottomans? 36) What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid Empire? 37) The immediate successor of the Safavid dynasty in Persia was? 38) Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty? 39) The first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the Muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 1526 at the battle of? 0) Describe the accomplishments / life of Babur 41) Describe the reign of Humayan. 42) Describe the reign of Akbar. 43) What was the critical feature of Akbars new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi? 44) What was the outcome of the Din-i-Ilahi? 45) Describe the economy of the Mughal Empire. 46) What was the state of the Mughal dynasty at the outset of the reign of Aurangzeb? 47) What were the goals of Aurangzeb? 48) What was the impact of Aurangzebs religious policies? 49) What was the state of the Mughal Empire following Aurangzebs death in 1707? 50) Describe the relationship of the Muslim empires to the West. carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-15193981978095717792019-11-21T08:28:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:28:08.479-08:00MBA FINANCE RESEARCH PROPOSAL . CREDIT RISK MANAGMENT OF COMMERCIALMBA FINANCE . CREDIT RISK MANAGMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANK A CASE STUDY OF ........WHICH bank case study we take that easy to collect the data - Research Proposal Example Financial institutions are facing many problems in the area of credit risk management. Credit risk is not only oriented towards the banks but it also occurs in all enterprises in the business world. Credit risk usually arises, when any of the trading partner fails to meet his full obligation on due date. This will seriously affect the trading practices of other partner who is associated with him. There must be proper balance maintained between the credit risk and other risks that influence the credit practices of the firm. The issue of credit risk is having a greater concern in banks because of the higher level risk associated. It also includes the changing business conditions and characteristics of the clients. The major causes for these problems are failure of banks in meeting the credit standards which are framed for the borrowers, failure in changing the policies with respect to the economic changes, under-graded portfolio risk management and the situations that lead to decline in credit standings of borrowers of the bank. Credit risk arises when the borrower fails to the terms and conditions mentioned in the credit agreement. ââ¬Å"The goal of credit risk management is to maximise a banks risk-adjusted rate of return by maintaining credit risk exposure within acceptable parameters.â⬠(Principles for the management of credit risk, 1999, para.2). The bank selected for the study is HSBC in UK. ââ¬Å"The HSBC Group is one of the largest banking and financial services organisations in the world.â⬠(Gokarn app as head of credit risk management of HSBC, 2006, para.6). It is headquartered in London and has its offices in more than 86 countries and has 8,500 offices all around the world. ââ¬Å"HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services: personal financial services; commercial banking; corporate, investment banking and markets; private banking; and other activities.â⬠(About HSBC: who is HSBC?, 2009, para.4). Research Hypothesis: Credit Risks carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-19142144322927563292019-11-20T11:45:00.001-08:002019-11-20T11:45:06.142-08:00History of Blacks in the Diaspora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsHistory of Blacks in the Diaspora - Essay Example The coast was the focal point of trade for both goods from Europe as well as their slaves. Ultimately, the people were dumped in one of the ships meant for the slaves and deported on a transatlantic journey unaware that they will be traded and locked up as laborers. In terms of numbers the African Diaspora is unbelievable. Close to 12 million people were coerced out of Africa and deported to the New World. The key to the African Diaspora was propelled by a thriving economy. The slave trade drew investors from a host of nations such as Portugal, Spain, Brazil, England, the United States, Holland, France, Sweden and Denmark which kept the slave trade alive for a more than hundred years. (The African Diaspora: Melfisher.org) The concept of the African Diaspora considers the worldwide dispersion of Africans throughout history; the surfacing of the cultural identity abroad based on origin and social condition; and the physiological return to their own homeland i.e. Africa. Thus the African presence in Asia, Europe, and the Americas is not a recent occurrence. It had happened in ancient Greece and Rome, and it subsisted in Arabia and also in other parts of Asia prior to the rise of Islam. The growth of the global trade in African slaves by the Arabs for more than a century and half years back and the much more severe business by the Europeans and Americas from the fifteen century made that presence basically global. (Harris 27) Background & History of Blacks in the Diaspora: Spanning a period of nearly four hundred years, more than 4 million Africans were deported to N. America and also to the Caribbean Islands in the Atlantic slave trade. They were imprisoned from their motherland and estranged from the members of their groups and families and they were led to lead lives of slaves in New World where the customs and traditions in the midst they spent their lives were completely absent. The African Diaspora is the account of the manner in which Africans even through scattered and isolated were able to retain their traditions, undergo changes in their identities in a New World. Essentials of African culture such as the religion, language, and folklore lasted and also the links to their previous lives. In the course of Americanization, Africans developed yet another culture that is known as African-Americans or Creolos. The forced migration leading to the transatlantic slave trade is considered to be the largest one in the world. In its effort, it created l asting permanent linkages between Africa and N. America. (African Diaspora: Colorado College) The African populations were transported from a lot of areas of Africa, however mainly from those areas along the coast. The Bantu, lined on the Guinea coast, had the biggest uniform culture after which comes Mande, hence the culture of African-Americans was impacted in a major part by the people of these areas. In these colonies, the demand of the slaves mainly for economic factors and the demographics of the slaves left a huge impact on the development of the Afro-American culture. There was a presence of more than one Afro-American cu carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-85845504535038814582019-11-18T05:51:00.001-08:002019-11-18T05:51:03.928-08:00T. J. Maxx breach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsT. J. Maxx breach - Research Paper Example Due to the TJX breach not only TJX had to suffer but also different banks had to pay the penalty by reissuing the cards to their customers. Gifford (2009, p 65) states that the protocol in WEP was insecure as it was not encrypted properly. TJX Co. did not apply the obfuscation and encryption policies to protect the consumer data. The security software purchased by TJX was not implemented correctly by the IT department of TJX Co. weak firewall rules are also a major characteristic of the cyber security incident. TJX had to pay around $80 -$100 million as a cost of settlement. Hence, it is important to secure data instead to pay penalties (Matwyshyn, 2009, p.9). According to Matwyshyn (2009, p.10), risk management is an important factor which should be implemented in order to prevent recurrence. This made the attack more vulnerable in nature as it did not have to undergo any type of hindrance. A chief information security officer should be allocated who has information of where the customer data is stored and moreover which of the third parties have access to it. Matwyshyn (2009, p.11) suggests that the external reports of the breach should be given importance. for example if a customer gets access to other customerââ¬â¢s data on a website and reports to the company then it should be checked instead of ignoring the issue. There should be regular monitoring of the customer data and its screening should also be done on regular basis. This helps keeping an eye on the usage of data and to remain up to date. The access to data by the employees should also be limited. According to Ballad, Ballad and Banks (2010, p.110) privileges and access to databases should be given only to the people related to information security of the organization. There should be an eye kept on the employees who want to access data, harm it or use it for some other purposes carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7407491645687105401.post-23093322837904787402019-11-15T18:23:00.001-08:002019-11-15T18:23:12.345-08:00Indus Motors Company (IMC) AnalysisIndus Motors Company (IMC) Analysis Introduction This Research and Analysis report is based on an analysis of Indus Motors Company (IMC) over a period of three years. IMC is engaged in sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Ltds vehicles in Pakistan through its dealership network. Reasons for Choosing the Topic and the Company: Selecting one project out of twenty available projects by Oxford Brookes University (OBU) was a difficult task. After in-depth analysis of all the available options, I finally selected .The business and financial performance of an organization over a three years period as I used to feel lot more comfortable in this area during my studies and this was suggested by my mentor as well. It was totally in correlation with my studies and during our studies were supposed to excel at accounting techniques like Ratio Analysis and business techniques like Porters Five Forces Analysis and SWOT analysis. Due to a personal interest in automobiles, I choose Automobile Sector of Pakistan which is considered as mother of all industries of Pakistan. The rise in automobile production has resulted from an increased domestic demand and generating over 150,000 direct employment opportunities. For the sake of RAP I selected Indus Motor Company limited (IMC). IMC is a joint venture between the House of Habib, Toyota Motor Corporation Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation Japan (TTC) for assembling, progressive manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 01, 1990. Project Objectives Each type of analysis has a purpose or use that determines the different relationships emphasized in that analysis. (Weston Copeland, 1992,pp 178) The objective of this project is to assess the business and financial performance of IMC over a period of three years ending 30th June 2010 and comparison of its performance with one of its competitors, Atlas Honda Limited. The aims and objectives of this research and analysis project are to To analyze the company and the sector in which it exists. To evaluate the performance of the company in terms of: Profitability; to assess a firms ability to create economic value in excess of value expended, to grow, remain solvent and repay debt. To judge the liquidity of the company and evaluate the financial risk. To assess the debt and capital structure of the company by calculating debt equity ratios and interest cover. To carry out the investors analysis in terms of earning per share. To Carry out SWOT analysis. To study the companys market position by using porters five forces model. To conclude the current situation and prospects of companys business and financial position and to suggest the improvements (http://articles.bplans.com) (Accessed 7th April 2010) Research Question In order to ensure my project has the appropriate structure and that I have clear objectives, I highlighted the same questions Shane Johnson (2006) mentioned in his famous article how not to rap myself which states: What is my research question/title of my project? What is the underlying theory? What methods will be used to gather information about the topic? How will the analysis be carried out? What conclusions can be drawn from the analysis? What are the key elements that I should present to my mentor? What have I learned from the process? (www.project-as-practice.org) (Assessed 2nd April 2010) Overall Research Approach I started my project by reading all the information available on the website of ACCA about the OBU degree. After carefully thinking over the available list of projects and consulting with my mentor, I selected The business and financial performance of an organization over a three year period. I started working on the project by setting objectives of the project and by identifying which techniques to be used and I consulted many course and referencing books before start working on the project. Then I started working on the organization by collecting all the relevant data useful for the project. I used secondary sources like newspapers, articles, internet, anylists reports, and annual reports of IMC and the competitor HAL, etc to get the required information. I had to assure reliability of the source of information throughout the information collection process and details of sources were saved by me for the referencing purpose. Meanwhile I conducted three formal meetings with my mentor during working on my RAP. In each meeting I used to show him my research and working till date. My mentor also guided me on various techniques and also referred to few books and resources that were relevant to my research. After completing my project, I had to give my mentor a fifteen minutes presentation on the project, and after his final approval I finally submitted it to OBU. Information gathering and Accounting/Business techniques used 2.1 Sources of Information and Methods used to collect it I had to collect data mainly from secondary sources to undertake the project.. Secondary Data Secondary data is data which has been collected by individuals or agencies for purposes other than those of our particular research study. Source (http://www.fao.org) (Accessed 5th October 2010) I started looking for secondary data from news papers, Companies profile from website, business magazines and journals for competitors and industry reports and industry position of main competitor HAL. Annual Reports were the most reliable source for my RAP and I used audited financial statements for calculating the key ratios relevant to my project and also extract relevant information from annual report to analyze the key strengths and weaknesses of the company. Internet search engines helped me a lot to provide me most relevant and easily accessible information in a timely manner. Information about the overall economic condition of the country and the sector of the company was easily available and was very useful. Companys official website was also very helpful to get the latest authentic information. Some of Analyst Reports with other hard form materials like Business Recorder, daily newspapers etc were also reviewed to benefit from their findings and recommendations. I also used BPP and FTC study material student accountant and refer other management books. Limitations of Information gathering The major limitation about gathering data is that 100% accuracy cannot be guaranteed and there is always a small chance that the source is not reliable and the information gathered is inaccurate. Ethical Issues during Information gathering While dealing with all the information to conduct the RAP I was supposed to strictly follow ACCAs code of ethics. During the research I came across few ethical issues which had to be addressed Research participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate; so I had to gain the permission of the people who I was studying to conduct research involving them. Ethical standards also require that researchers not put participants in a situation where they might be at risk of harm as a result of their participation thus I had to be careful about using word sensitive or difficult questions during interviews. Accounting/Business Techniques used and their Limitation I used different business and accounting techniques to conduct my RAP. They are discussed below one by one with their limitations The Ratio Analysis This is the measure of inter relationship between different sections of the financial statements which then is compared with the budgeted or forecasted results, prior year results and or the Industrial results. Profitability For shareholders, employees, creditors, investors, management. Liquidity For shareholders, management, suppliers, creditor and competitors. Efficiency For management, shareholders, creditors and competitors. Gearing For shareholders, lenders, creditor and potential investors. Investment For shareholders, potential investors, management. P2-Corporate Reporting (International) BPP, 2005 pg.223 Limitations Operating and accounting policies differ from firm to firm. Ratios are static and do not consider future trends. Many firms engaged in multiple lines of business so comparing ratios may be meaningless. (Shim Siegel,2007 pp.34) Historical costs not suitable for decision making Different accounting methods may be used by individual firms making up the industry sample. Industry figures may be biased by few large firms within the sample. Different capital structures and size Strategic Business Planning and Development (3.5) FTC, 2005 pg.196. The SWOT Analysis: David (2002), describes SWOT as an analysis that can be used to measure an organizations competencies and identify opportunities to taken by business management in the future. When looking at your strengths, one should make a list of all the things that can be done well. Identify weaknesses as part of SWOT analysis and one will be on the first step to success. One of the places to look for opportunities is we to our competitors. Scanning market, industry or environment for unforeseen threats is an important part of the SWOT process. Limitations of SWOT It can provide useful information about company but as with all toll analysis it will not supply strategic decisions. Strengths and weaknesses may not be readily translated in to opportunities and sometimes in SWOT analysis same factor can be identified as both strengths and weaknesses. A company may also have difficulty identifying opportunities and opportunities may be easy to overlook or may be identified long after they can be exploited. Similarly, a company may have difficulty anticipating possible threats in order to effectively avoid them. (Anthony Henry, 2008) Source ðŸ⢠www.referenceforbusiness.com) (Accessed 15th October 2010) Porters Five Forces Analysis The pure competition model does not present a viable tool to assess an industry. Porters Five Forces model is a tool used by companies that deconstructs the industry structure in to five underlying competitive forces. Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Threat of new entrants The threat of substitutes Competitive rivalry (Nemati Barko, 2001 pp.29) The conventional interpretation of Porters framework emphasized that rivalry and competition as the key components of the strategy. ( Hax wilde,2001 pp.42) Source:(www.articles.bplans.com) (Accessed 26th October 2010) Limitations of Five Forces Model: The model was designed for analyzing individual business strategies. It does not cope with synergies and interdependencies within the portfolio of large corporations. The model does not address the possibility that an industry could be attractive because certain companies are in it. Some people claim that environments which are characterized by rapid, systemic and radical change require more flexible, dynamic or emergent approaches to strategy formulation. P3-Business Analysis: BPP 2008 pg.108 Business Analysis, Conclusion and Recommendations 3.1 Organisations History, Profile Indus Motor Company (IMC) is a joint venture between the House of Habib , Toyota Motor Corporation Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation Japan (TTC) for assembling, manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 01, 1990. IMC had sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd Vehicles in Pakistan through its dealership network. IMC was incorporated in Pakistan as a (PLC) in December 1989 and started commercial production in May 1993. The shares of company are quoted on the stock exchanges of Pakistan. Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Tsusho Corporation have 25 % stake in the company equity. The majority of shares owned by House of Habib an investment group of Pakistan. IMCs manufacturing plants are located near Karachi which is industrial hub of Pakistan at Port Bin Qasim. Source:(www.toyota-indus.com) (Accesses 30th October 2010) Business Recorder 14th May, 2009 Products: Companys plant in Pakistan is the only site throughout the world where both brands Toyota and Daihatsu are being manufactured.IMCs Product line includes 6 variants of the newly introduced Toyota Corolla, Toyota Hilux Single Cabin 42 and 4 versions of Daihatsu Cuore and newly imported vehicle like Toyota Camry. Source: (www.toyota-indus.com) Source ðŸ⢠www.scribd.com) (Accessed 20th October 2010) The Sectors Overview The Pakistani auto sector has played a significant role in the growth and development of the local economy in terms of revenue generation, foreign exchange, human resource development and technology transfer. Automobiles companies are growing along with industry and all the manufacturers are putting hard efforts to increase their production capacity to meet consumers demands.Prodouction was constant throughout 90s around 45000 but due to consistent policies and increasing power of buyer industry boomed to over 120000 units/annum on just four years to 2003/04. According to the statistics of 2006-07 there were 82 vehicle assemblers in the industry producing passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, trucks, buses, tractors and 2/3 wheelers. Besides these there were over 600 players in the vendor industry. The total employment in the sector was over 192,000 with a total investment of over Rs.98 billion. The auto industry has played a significant role in the large scale manufacturing ind ustry as it contributed $3.6 billion to the economy besides import substitution resulting in annual foreign exchange savings of over $ 1 billion. Source :(www.toyota-indus.com) (Accessed 25th October 2010) The Ratio Analysis: The ratio analysis undertaken is based on the data collected from Annual Reports of Indus Motor Company Limited for the financial year ended 30th June 2010, FY09 and FY08 and that of Honda Atlas Cars (Pakistan) Limited for the finance year ended 31st march 2010,FY 09 and FY 08. . 3.3.1 REVENUE GROWTH The revenue in 2010 according to audited financial reports is 60.09 billion 58.7% higher than in 2009 where as it was 37.84 billion (8.6%) lower than in 2008. (Appendix A) This sharp increase in revenue is mainly due to healthy agricultural income from the farming community and a little increase in auto finance sector.Govt of Pakistan more tightened policy of used imported cars which gives a relief to the industry and the reduction of 5% in excise duty in federal budget 2009/10 which passed to the customers immediately in the form of price reduction. During the year the 2009/10 industry witnessed sharp rise in locally manufactured Passengers and commercial vehicles which grew up to 43% to 141654 units as compared to 99310 units in 2008/09 which lead the production up to 37% higher as compare to 2008/09 and this is mainly because of the Govt tightened policies for second hand imported vehicles. (IMC Annual Report FY10) Profitability Ratios: A class of financial metrics that are used to judge the business capability to generate profits as compare to its expenses and some other relevant costs within a specific period of time. (Kaplan Study Text FR) Shareholder, investors and other stakeholders like management have particularly focused on the profitability of the organisation. These ratios have key importance between majority of stakeholders. Gross Profit Ratio: Gross profit known as the organisation paying additional expenses and savings for coming years also known as gross margin. (Kaplan Study Text FR) In 2010 Gross margin increased to 27.86% as compare to FY09.One of the reasons of this increase is that Pakistan economy showing a modest signs of recovery from recession and sharp increase in demand of passenger and commercial vehicles. Although the gross sales 60 billion RS in FY10 sets all time new records for the company but there is still decline in Gross Margin of (16.12%) when we compare with FY08 where it was 9.3%.The main reasons behind that is the consistent pressure from the Govt to reduce the selling prices, backdrop of rising interest rates,weakning Pak Rupee against YEN, high inflationary conditions, and frequent disruptions to the business cause of shortage of power and terrorist attacks, all of these factors effects the entire supply chain of the company and pushed the manufacturing price to a new highest level and limited the companys ability to pass the increase to the customers. These above mentioned reasons becomes the main reason of erosions of margins. (IMC Annual Report 2010) Honda Atlas gross profit margin had a negative growth in FY10 and reached at (1.5%) as compared to 1.2% and 4.3% in FY09 and FY08 respectively. Where as IMC gross profit had a growth of 28.56% as compare to sharp decline of (34.4%) in FY09. As clear by above data, IMC performance regarding gross profit was far better than its competitor. (Appendix A) Net Profit Margin: Net profit margin measures how efficiently company has controlled its over head. (Kaplan Study Text FR) In highly challenging business environment,IMC has delivered satisfactory financial and operational performance in FY10.The companys net profit increased to 3.44 billion a 54.05% increase as compare to FY09 where it was 1.38 billion a (32.73%) decrease as compare to FY08.The main reasons behind the sharp increase of 54.05% in net profit is due to an incremental increase of 16750 units of Corollas sales volume through extensive marketing efforts. During the FY10 IMC outstandingly reduce their fixed costs which increase the overall profitability despite weakening PAK Rupee and increased manufacturing costs. (IMC Annual Report 2010) When we have a glance at net profit/loss of HAL, the net profit margin decrease to (5.4%) in FY10 where it was (2.8%) in FY09.HAL was having a positive growth of .5% in FY08. Return on capital employed (ROCE): ROCE is a measure that shows how efficiently assets of the company have been utilized to get return from them. It is essentially the net assets of the company. ROCE of IMC has moved in between 19 to 41% between FY08 TO FY10..This is mainly because of massive increase of income of the company in FY10 along with tightened financial controls and efficient and effective management of its various risks exposures. On the other hand HAL utilisation of capital resources are not showing a good picture where ROCE in FY10 had declined to (16.1%) as compare to (9.2%) in FY09 which is mainly because of operating loss of (5.2 billion RS).ROCE was having a positive growth at 8% in FY08. (IMC Annual Report FY10) Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios indicate an organisations ability to meet its short term financial obligations. Most commonly evaluated ratios are current ratio and quick ratio calculated as follows. Current Ratio: .IMC was having a ratio high of 2.6 in (FY08).In( FY09) the current ratio fall drastically to 1.7 times. There was a significant increase in current assets in FY09 specially in cash and bank balances which rose from 9664 million to 16715 million and stock in trade from 2637 million to 4088 million but there was a more than proportionate increase in current liabilities from 3779 million to 9884 million mainly due to advances from customers a 628% increase as compare to FY08.The current ratio in FY10 did not improve it remains at FY09 level 1.7 times because of proportionate increase in current assets and current liabilities. (IMC Annual Report FY10) (Appendix A) HAL current ratio was near to 1 in FY08 (.8 times ) which was not as bad because it remains close to industry average of 1.It got worse in FY09 (.7 times) and (.6 times) in FY10 which is not a good indicator for short term creditors. (HAL Annual Reports FY10) Quick ratio: Quick ratio also known as acid test ratio eliminates the effect of inventory from the current ratio. Quick ratio behaves the same way as to current ratio was 1.8:1 in (FYO8) before declining to (1.3:1) in FY09 and remains constant at the same level in FY10.Although there is a sharp increase in current liabilities in FY10 from 9884 million to 1422 million but the current assets on the other hand (excluding inventory) moved almost the same proportion. Over all quick ratio is reasonable and company is in sound position to meet its liabilities from most liquid resources for example cash and bank balances and receivables. (IMC Annual Reports FY10) (Appendix A) Quick ratio of HAL is very low as to industry average and remains constant for the past three years at (0.20:1).This shows that HAL is not having enough liquid resources to pay its current liabilities even. This low current ratio can be seen as the going concern problem for HAL in near future if this situation sustain as it is. (HAL Annual Reports FY10) (Appendix B) Overall liquidity condition of IMC is far better than that of HAL. Working Capital Ratios Working capital ratios also known as efficiency ratios reduce the risk for lenders and enable management to increase the productivity and business profits. (Kaplan Study Text FR) Days Accounts Receivable: IMC receivables days decreased from 12 days in FY08 to 17 days in FY09 and decreased further to 10 days in FY10.This reduction in receivable days pointed towards the better effective and controlled credit policy. HAL on the other hand does not have trade debts at all in their balance sheet. This reflects their policy to only deal in cash. Days Accounts Payable: Creditor turnover ratio shows how many days an organisation takes to pay its short term obligations and how much it depends on trade credit for short term financing. (Kaplan Study Text FR) Creditor turned out cost of sales in FY10 is 39 days almost at the same level in FY09 but increased when we compare with FY08 where it was 28 days. This improvement in payments pointed towards the strong and healthy relationship with lenders and suppliers of raw material and longer the days payable better for the cash flow. (Appendix A) HAL days accounts payable increased significantly 79 days to 124 days between FY08 and FY10.Taking in account of HAL current year financial performance it is apparent that company is struggling to pay its creditors and taking too long as compare to its main competitor IMC which is not a good news for creditors and shareholders as well. (Appendix B) Debt/ Solvency Ratios IMC is All-Equity Company with a zero long-term debt. This is a plus point in the current economic situations as company doesnt have to pay fixed cost of interest on long term borrowings. (IMC Annual Report FY 10) Gearing Ratio: As being all equity funded IMC manages to perform well in the crucial economic time and leave its competitors behind.IMC does not have any long term debt included in their capital structure making companys gearing ratio nil. On the other hand it has some disadvantages as well, the companys capital structure is not at optimum level and company is ignoring cheap sources of finance (long term debt) as to equity. (Appendix A) HAL is not all equity financed company and have long term debts on their balance sheet which results in a high finance costs. These high finance costs pushed company from profits into losses.HAL gearing level increased from 35% to 105% between FY08 and FY09 this increase was mainly due to increase in debt which rose from 500 thousands to 1500 thousands. The ratio decline to 93% in FY10 but still high as compare to industry norms. (Appendix B) This high gearing ratio could cause serious liquidity problems and could seen as a going concern threat but the parent company Honda Motors Japan will continue to provide the liquidity support to HAL and on that basis directors does not see any threat of this serious liquidity problems as a going concern threat and company will carry on its operations in foreseeable future. (HAL Annual Reports FY10) Interest Cover Ratio: Interest cover shows how many times, the profit before interest and tax covers interest amount. Its a measure of how adequately company profit could cover up its interest payments on debts. (Kaplan Study Text FM) IMC results are very healthy and reached at the level 1284 time in FY08 mainly because of very low finance charge of RS 2.7 million. It reduced drastically in FY09 from 1284 times to 78 times mainly because of enormous increase in finance charge from 2.7 million to 26.5 million due to loss on revaluation on foreign exchange contracts, sharp increase in mark up on advance from customers which rise from 2.8 million from FY08 to 8.8 million in FY09 , and high interest rates. It is at its all time high in FY10 at 1467 times. The main reasons behind that impressive increase are the best ever financial performance of the company and reduction in finance cost through unrealised gain on revaluation of foreign exchange contract of 96 million approximately which is quiet commendable as it guarantees good rating of the company. (Appendix A) (IMC Annual Reports FY10) Interest cover ratio at HAL was positive but very low at 1 time in FY08 before got worse in FY09 at (2) times in (FY09) and remains constant at the same level in FY10. It shows that company is facing difficulties to meet its long term financial obligations. These drastic results of profitability ratios of HAL could threaten its credibility to raise more finance in near future. (Appendix B) (HAL Annual Reports FY10) Investors Ratios: The earnings per share (EPS) of a company indicates profit after tax attributable to equity shares of a company. (Kaplan Study Text FR) The EPS of IMC was RS.29.15 in FY08 before dropping down to RS. 17.62 in FY09 due to fall in earnings of the company because of recession in the overall automobile market globally and locally. However (EPS) up by 138% from RS.17.62 to RS.41.9 due to highest ever car sales of 50.8k units as compared to 34.1k units in FY09.IMC achieved 100% capacity utilization of its manufacturing plant since it started its operations in FY10. This is due to increasing liquidity in rural areas and Govt institutions that continued buying Corolla. These increased and recovered car sales remained one of the main reasons behind such a high growth in earnings. Due to increased car sales,liquidity position improved as company was having 16 billion cash on its balance sheet as compare to 9.7 billion in FY09.Company invested this surplus cash in high yielding bank deposits which becomes the main reason of significant increase in other income from RS.727 million to RS.1.25 billion in FY10 and increased the ove rall earnings of the company. (Appendix A) Source:(www.dailytimes.com.pk) Assessed:( 10th November 2010) HALs EPS declined more in FY10 to (RS.5.97) from (RS.2.81) in FY09.This was due to loss after tax of (RS.852.2 million) in FY10.The main reasons attributed to the loss are under utilisation of capacity and depreciation of Pak Rupee as to Japanese Yen.HAL did increase the sale prices in line with the market condition to overcome these problems but this was not enough for complete recovery.EPS was RS.55 in FY08. (Appendix B) (HAL Annual Report FY10) The SWOT Analysis: SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in IMC. Strengths: IMC is a joint venture between House Of Habib and Toyota Tusho Corporation LTD Japan. Toyota is a global organization with representation of more than 170 countries . Toyota has becomes the industry leader for maximizing profits through lean manufacturing system and waste reduction methods.IMC has a very well experienced, talented and diversified management team and IMC has the strongest dealership network within the country and during the FY10 a new 3s dealership was launched in Lahore and Faisalabad to strengthen the business with this addition IMC dealership consists of 32 outlets throughout the country with market share of 34.5%.IMC commitment to provide excellent customer services have been acknowledged by Toyota Motor Corporation and awarded the Customer Service Excellence Award 2009. (IMC Annual Report FY10) Source : ( www.oppapers.com) (www.toyota-indus.com) Assesses ðŸ⢠12th November 2010) Weaknesses; IMC is all equity financed company with zero long term debt.IMC financial results for FY10 for sales and profits are at all time high however it is not likely that company will carry on the same momentum for near future. Moreover company is not investing considerably in new projects and plants.IMC is utilizing its manufacturing capacity at full and unless the margins increased significantly or they increased their capacity by installing new manufacturing plants it will be quiet likely that the earning momentum will not be the same as FY10. Source ðŸ⢠www.dailytimes.com.pk) Assess ðŸ⢠15th November 2010) Opportunities : Pakistan automobile industry for LCV and PC is growing at the rate of 43%. In Pakistan context there are 8 cars in 1,000 persons which is one of the lowest in the emerging economies which itself speaks of high potential of growth in the auto sector and more in the car production. Rising per capita income with changing demographic distribution and an anticipated influx of 30 to 40 million young people in the economically active workforce in the next few years provides a stimulus to IMC to expand and grow.As the environmental protection awareness is rising in Pakistan slowly, IMC has the opportunity to introduce Hybrid cars in Pakistan to meet the needs of environment friendly people. (IMC Annual Report, FY10) Source :(www.nationmaster.com) Assess :(16th November 2010) Threats: Pakistan domestic auto industry has barely started recovery from global financial crunch and currently facing lots of challenges.Govt has recently signed Afghan Transit Trade Agreement and it is very important to implement the agreed safeguard otherwise it would cause a serious threat to t carrieleonarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17646743124861823406noreply@blogger.com0